I-TPU yi-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, eyi-multiphase block copolymer eyenziwe ngee-disocyanates, iipolyols, kunye ne-chain extenders. Njengomgangatho ophezulu we-elastomer, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lwezikhokelo zemveliso esezantsi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla, izixhobo zemidlalo, amathoyizi, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye nezinye iindawo, ezifana nezihlangu, i-hoses, iintambo, izixhobo zonyango, njl.
Okwangoku, abenzi bezinto ezibonakalayo be-TPU abaphambili babandakanya iBASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iHuntsman, iWanhua Chemical,Izinto eziNtsha zeLinghua, kwaye nangokunjalo. Ngokucwangciswa kunye nokwandiswa komthamo wamashishini asekhaya, ishishini leTPU ngoku likhuphisana kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwintsimi yesicelo esiphezulu, isathembela ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, okuyiyona ndawo i-China idinga ukufezekisa impumelelo. Makhe sithethe ngamathemba emarike exesha elizayo lemveliso ye-TPU.
1. I-E-TPU ephuphuma amagwebu
Kwi-2012, i-Adidas kunye ne-BASF ngokudibeneyo baphuhlise i-brand shoe esebenzayo i-EnergyBoost, esebenzisa i-TPU enegwebu (igama lorhwebo infinergy) njengesixhobo se-midsole. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-polyether TPU enobulukhuni be-Shore A ye-80-85 njenge-substrate, xa kuthelekiswa ne-EVA midsoles, i-TPU midsoles enegwebu isengakwazi ukugcina u-elasticity kunye nokuthamba okuhle kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-0 ℃, ephucula ukunxiba induduzo kwaye iyaziwa ngokubanzi imarike.
2. I-Fiber eyomeleziweyo eguqulelwe kwi-TPU yezinto eziphathekayo
I-TPU inefuthe elihle lokuchasa, kodwa kwezinye izicelo, imodyuli ephezulu ye-elastic kunye nezixhobo ezinzima kakhulu ziyafuneka. Ukuguqulwa kweglasi yokuqinisa ifayibha yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo ukonyusa imodyuli elastiki yemathiriyeli. Ngokuguqulwa, imathiriyeli edibeneyo ye-thermoplastic enezibonelelo ezininzi ezinje ngemodyuli ephezulu elastiki, ukugquma kakuhle, ukumelana nobushushu obuqinileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-elastic recovery, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nefuthe, i-coefficient ephantsi yokwandiswa, kunye nokuzinza komdaniso kunokufumaneka.
I-BASF yazise itekhnoloji yokulungiselela i-TPU ephezulu ye-modulus fiberglass eyomeleziweyo isebenzisa iintsinga ezimfutshane zeglasi kwilungelo layo lomenzi. I-TPU enobunzima be-Shore D ye-83 yenziwe ngokuxuba i-polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), i-MDI, kunye ne-1,4-butanediol (BDO) kunye ne-1,3-propanediol njengezinto ezibonakalayo. Le TPU idityaniswe nefiber yeglasi kwi-mass ratio ye-52: 48 ukufumana izinto ezidibeneyo kunye ne-elastic modulus ye-18.3 GPa kunye ne-tensile yamandla ye-244 MPa.
Ukongeza kwifayibha yeglasi, kukwakho neengxelo zeemveliso ezisebenzisa i-TPU ye-carbon fiber composite, efana nebhodi ehlanganisiweyo ye-Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU, enemodyuli elastiki ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100GPa kunye noxinzelelo olusezantsi kunezintsimbi.
3. Halogen free flame retardant TPU
I-TPU inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kunye nezinye iipropathi, iyenza ibe yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu ye-sheath yeengcingo kunye neentambo. Kodwa kwiinkalo zesicelo ezifana nezikhululo zokutshaja, ukubuyiswa komlilo ophezulu kuyafuneka. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-TPU ye-flame retardant. Enye i-reactive flame retardant modification, ebandakanya ukwazisa izinto ezinqanda ilangatye ezifana ne-polyols okanye i-isocyanates equkethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, kunye nezinye izinto kwi-synthesis ye-TPU ngokusebenzisa i-chemical bonding; Okwesibini lutshintsho olongezelelweyo lwe-flame retardant, olubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-TPU njenge-substrate kunye nokongeza i-flame retardants yokuxuba ukunyibilika.
Ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kunokutshintsha isakhiwo se-TPU, kodwa xa inani le-additive flame retardant likhulu, amandla e-TPU ayancipha, ukusebenza kokucubungula kuyancipha, kwaye ukongeza inani elincinci alikwazi ukufezekisa inqanaba elifunekayo le-flame retardant. Okwangoku, akukho mveliso ifumaneka ngokurhweba i-flame-retardant ephezulu enokuthi ihlangabezane ngokwenene nokusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zokutshaja.
Owayesakuba yi-Bayer MaterialScience (ngoku eyiKostron) yakhe yazisa i-organic phosphorus equlethe i-polyol (IHPO) esekelwe kwi-phosphine oxide kwi-patent. I-TPU ye-polyether eyenziwe kwi-IHPO, i-PTMEG-1000, i-4,4 '- i-MDI, kunye ne-BDO ibonisa i-flame retardancy egqwesileyo kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Inkqubo ye-extrusion ilula, kwaye umphezulu wemveliso ulungile.
Ukongeza i-halogen-free flame retardants ngoku yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yobugcisa yokulungiselela i-TPU ye-halogen-free flame retardant. Ngokubanzi, i-phosphorus esekelwe, i-nitrogen esekelwe, i-silicon esekelwe, i-boron esekelwe kwi-flame retardants iyadityaniswa okanye i-hydroxides yesinyithi isetyenziswa njengezinto ezithintela ilangatye. Ngenxa yokuvutha okuvuthayo kwe-TPU, isixa sokuzaliswa kwe-flame retardant esingaphezulu kwe-30% sihlala sifuneka ukwenza umaleko ozinzileyo wokubuyiswa komlilo ngexesha lokutsha. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixa se-flame retardant esongeziweyo sikhulu, i-flame retardant ihlakazekile ngokulinganayo kwi-TPU substrate, kunye neempawu zomatshini ze-TPU e-flame retardant ayifanelekanga, ekwanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwimimandla efana ne-hoses, iifilimu. , kunye neentambo.
Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza le-BASF lazisa ubuchwepheshe be-TPU obunganyangekiyo, obudibanisa i-melamine polyphosphate kunye ne-phosphorus equlethe i-derivative ye-phosphinic acid njengezithinteli zomlilo ezine-TPU ezinobunzima bobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphezulu kwe-150kDa. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant kuphuculwe kakhulu ngelixa kuzuzwa amandla aphezulu.
Ukwandisa ngakumbi amandla okuqina ezinto eziphathekayo, i-patent ye-BASF yazisa indlela yokulungiselela i-masterbatch ye-agent edibanisayo ene-isocyanates. Ukongeza i-2% yolu hlobo lwe-masterbatch kwisakhiwo esihlangabezana neemfuneko ze-flame retardant ze-UL94V-0 kunokunyusa amandla e-tensile yezinto eziphathekayo ukusuka kwi-35MPa ukuya kwi-40MPa ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza kwe-V-0 flame retardant.
Ukuphucula ukuxhathisa ukuguga kobushushu be-TPU e-retardant-flame-retardant, i-patent yeInkampani yeZizinto eziNtsha zaseLinghuakananjalo yazisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-hydroxides yentsimbi egqunywe phezulu njengezinto ezinqanda amadangatye. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukuxhathisa kwe-hydrolysis ye-TPU ebuyisela idangatye,Inkampani yeZizinto eziNtsha zaseLinghuayazisa i-metal carbonate ngesiseko sokongeza i-melamine flame retardant kwesinye isicelo selungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza.
4. I-TPU yefilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti yemoto
Ifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti yemoto yifilimu ekhuselayo ehlukanisa umphezulu wepeyinti emoyeni emva kokufakwa, inqanda imvula ye-asidi, i-oxidation, imikrwelo, kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide kumphezulu wepeyinti. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukukhusela umphezulu wepeyinti yemoto emva kokufakwa. Ifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti ngokubanzi iqulethe imigangatho emithathu, kunye ne-self-healing coating phezu komhlaba, ifilimu ye-polymer phakathi, kunye ne-adhesive-sensitive adhesive ye-acrylic kumaleko asezantsi. I-TPU yenye yezinto eziphambili zokulungiselela iifilimu zepolymer eziphakathi.
Iimfuno zokusebenza zeTPU ezisetyenziswa kwifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti zezi zilandelayo: ukuchasana nokukrwempa, ukukhanya okuphezulu (ukuhambisa ukukhanya>95%), ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, amandla okuqina>50MPa, ukukhulisa>400%, kunye noShore A. ububanzi bobunzima be-87-93; Owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo kukumelana nemozulu, okubandakanya ukuxhathisa ukuguga kwe-UV, ukuthotywa kwe-thermal oxidative, kunye ne-hydrolysis.
Iimveliso ezivuthiweyo okwangoku ziyi-aliphatic TPU elungiselelwe ukusuka kwi-dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) kunye ne-polycaprolactone diol njengezinto eziphathekayo. I-TPU enevumba eliqhelekileyo ibonakala ijika ibe tyheli emva kosuku olunye lokukhanya kwe-UV, ngelixa i-aliphatic TPU esetyenziselwa ifilimu yokusonga imoto inokugcina i-coefficient yayo etyheli ngaphandle kotshintsho olubalulekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
I-Poly (ε – caprolactone) I-TPU inomsebenzi olungeleleneyo ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nepolyether kunye ne-polyester TPU. Kwelinye icala, inokubonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokukrazula kwe-TPU ye-polyester eqhelekileyo, ngelixa kwelinye icala, ikwabonisa uhlengahlengiso olubalaseleyo loxinzelelo olusezantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-polyether TPU, ngaloo ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintengiso.
Ngenxa yeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zexabiso lemveliso emva kokwahlulwa kwemarike, kunye nokuphuculwa kobugcisa bokugquma komhlaba kunye nobuchule bokulungelelaniswa kwefomula yokuncamathelisa, kukho nethuba le-polyester okanye i-polyester ye-H12MDI ye-aliphatic TPU eya kusetyenziswa kwiifilimu zokukhusela ukupeyinta kwixesha elizayo.
5. Biobased TPU
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokulungiselela i-TPU esekelwe kwi-bio kukwazisa i-bio-based monomers okanye abaphakathi ngexesha lenkqubo ye-polymerization, njenge-bio-based isocyanates (njenge-MDI, i-PDI), i-polyols esekelwe kwi-bio, njl. market, ngelixa iipolyols biobased zixhaphake kakhulu.
Ngokumalunga ne-bio-based isocyanates, ekuqaleni kwe-2000, i-BASF, i-Covestro, kunye nabanye baye batyala imali eninzi kwi-PDI yophando, kwaye i-batch yokuqala yeemveliso ze-PDI zafakwa kwiimarike kwi-2015-2016. I-Wanhua Chemical iphuhlise i-100% yeemveliso ze-TPU ezisekelwe kwi-bio zisebenzisa i-PDI esekwe kwi-bio eyenziwe kwi-corn stover.
Ngokumalunga ne-bio-based polyols, ibandakanya i-bio based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), i-bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), i-bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), i-polyester polyester polyols, i-bio based polyether polyols, njl.
Okwangoku, abavelisi abaninzi be-TPU baphehlelele i-TPU esekwe kwi-bio, ukusebenza kwayo kuthelekiseka ne-TPU yesiqhelo esekwe kwipetrochemical. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi TPUs ezisekelwe kwi-bio ulele kwinqanaba lomxholo we-bio, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-30% ukuya kwi-40%, kunye nabanye bafikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-TPU ye-petrochemical esekelwe kwi-petrochemical, i-TPU esekelwe kwi-bio ineenzuzo ezifana nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ukuhlaziywa okuzinzileyo kwezinto eziluhlaza, imveliso eluhlaza, kunye nokugcinwa kwemithombo. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, kunyeIzinto eziNtsha zeLinghuabaye basungula iimpawu zabo ze-TPU ezisekelwe kwi-bio, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuzinza nazo ziyimigaqo ephambili yophuhliso lwe-TPU kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-09-2024