I-TPU yi-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, eyi-multiphase block copolymer eyenziwe ngama-diisocyanates, ama-polyol, kunye nee-chain extenders. Njenge-elastomer esebenza kakuhle, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lwemiyalelo yemveliso esezantsi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla, izixhobo zemidlalo, izinto zokudlala, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye neminye imisebenzi, efana nezinto zezihlangu, iipayipi, iintambo, izixhobo zonyango, njl.njl.
Okwangoku, abavelisi bezinto eziluhlaza eziphambili zeTPU baquka iBASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iHuntsman, iWanhua Chemical,Izinto eziNtsha zeLinghua, njalo njalo. Ngolwakhiwo kunye nokwandiswa kwamandla amashishini asekhaya, ishishini le-TPU ngoku linokhuphiswano olukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwicandelo lezicelo eziphezulu, lisaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwempahla evela kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ikwayindawo iTshayina ekufuneka ifikelele kuyo impumelelo. Masithethe ngamathuba emarike yexesha elizayo eemveliso ze-TPU.
1. I-E-TPU enegwebu elingaphezulu kakhulu
Ngowama-2012, i-Adidas kunye ne-BASF badibanisene ekuphuhliseni uphawu lwezihlangu ezibalekayo i-EnergyBoost, esebenzisa i-TPU ene-foam (igama lorhwebo le-infinergy) njengezinto eziphakathi. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-polyether TPU enobunzima be-Shore A obuyi-80-85 njengesiseko, xa kuthelekiswa ne-EVA midsoles, i-foam TPU midsoles isenokugcina ukuthamba okuhle kunye nokuthamba kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-0 ℃, nto leyo ephucula intuthuzelo yokunxiba kwaye yaziwa ngokubanzi kwimarike.
2. Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zeTPU eziqinisiweyo ezilungisiweyo
I-TPU inokumelana okuhle nempembelelo, kodwa kwezinye iinkqubo, kufuneka i-modulus ephezulu ethambileyo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo kakhulu. Ukuguqulwa kokuqinisa ifayibha yeglasi yindlela esetyenziswa rhoqo ukwandisa i-modulus ye-elastic yezinto. Ngokusebenzisa utshintsho, izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-thermoplastic ezineenzuzo ezininzi ezifana ne-modulus ephezulu ethambileyo, ubushushu obuhle, ukumelana nobushushu obuqinileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyisela i-elastic, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nempembelelo, ukwanda okuphantsi, kunye nokuzinza kobukhulu kunokufunyanwa.
I-BASF iqalise ubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela i-TPU eqiniswe yi-fiberglass ene-modulus ephezulu kusetyenziswa iifayibha ezimfutshane zeglasi kwi-patent yayo. I-TPU enobunzima be-Shore D obuyi-83 yenziwe ngokuxuba i-polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), i-MDI, kunye ne-1,4-butanediol (BDO) kunye ne-1,3-propanediol njengezinto eziluhlaza. Le TPU yadityaniswa nefayibha yeglasi kumlinganiselo wobunzima obuyi-52:48 ukuze kufunyanwe izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezine-modulus elastiki eyi-18.3 GPa kunye namandla okutsalwa angama-244 MPa.
Ukongeza kwi-fiber yeglasi, kukwakho neengxelo zeemveliso ezisebenzisa i-TPU ye-carbon fiber composite, njengebhodi ye-composite ye-Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU, ene-modulus elastiki efikelela kwi-100GPa kunye noxinano oluphantsi kuneesinyithi.
3. I-TPU ethintela ilangatye engenalo i-halogen
I-TPU inamandla aphezulu, iqinile kakhulu, inokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kunye nezinye iimpawu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo kakhulu kwi-sheath kwiingcingo kunye neentambo. Kodwa kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa ezifana neendawo zokutshaja, kufuneka i-flame retardancy ephezulu. Ngokubanzi kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-TPU kwi-flame retardant. Enye kukutshintsha i-reactive flame retardant, okubandakanya ukungenisa izinto ze-flame retardant ezifana nee-polyols okanye ii-isocyanates eziqulethe i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, kunye nezinye izinto kwi-TPU ngokusebenzisa i-chemical bonding; Eyesibini kukutshintsha i-flame retardant eyongezelelweyo, okubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-TPU njenge-substrate kunye nokongeza i-flame retardants yokuxuba i-melt.
Utshintsho olusebenzayo lunokutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwe-TPU, kodwa xa ubungakanani be-additive flame retardant bukhulu, amandla e-TPU ayancipha, ukusebenza kokucubungula kuyawohloka, kwaye ukongeza inani elincinci akunakufikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo le-flame retardant. Okwangoku, akukho mveliso ye-high flame retardant ekhoyo kurhwebo enokwanelisa ngokwenene ukusetyenziswa kwezikhululo zokutshaja.
Owayesakuba yiBayer MaterialScience (ngoku eyiKostron) wakha wazisa i-organic phosphorus equlethe i-polyol (IHPO) esekelwe kwi-phosphine oxide kwi-patent. I-polyether TPU eyenziwe kwi-IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, kunye ne-BDO ibonisa iimpawu ezintle zokuthintela ilangatye kunye neempawu zoomatshini. Inkqubo yokukhupha ithambile, kwaye umphezulu wemveliso uthambile.
Ukongeza izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingenayo i-halogen okwangoku yeyona ndlela yobugcisa isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni i-TPU engenalo i-halogen. Ngokubanzi, izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezisekelwe kwi-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-silicon, i-boron ziyadityaniswa okanye ii-hydroxide zesinyithi zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezithintela ilangatye. Ngenxa yokutsha okungokwemvelo kwe-TPU, isixa sokuzalisa esithintela ilangatye esingaphezulu kwe-30% sidla ngokufuneka ukwenza umaleko ozinzileyo othintela ilangatye ngexesha lokutsha. Nangona kunjalo, xa isixa sezinto ezithintela ilangatye esongeziweyo sikhulu, into ethintela ilangatye isasazeka ngokungalinganiyo kwi-TPU substrate, kwaye iimpawu zoomatshini ze-TPU ethintela ilangatye azifanelekanga, nto leyo ekwathintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokukhuthaza kwiindawo ezifana neepayipi, iifilimu, kunye neentambo.
Ilungelo lomenzi le-BASF lizisa iteknoloji ye-TPU ethintela ilangabi, edibanisa i-melamine polyphosphate kunye ne-phosphorus equlethe i-derivative ye-phosphinic acid njenge-flame retardants kunye ne-TPU enobunzima obuphakathi kwe-molecular ubunzima obungaphezulu kwe-150kDa. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukusebenza kwe-flame retardant kuphuculwe kakhulu ngelixa kufezekiswa amandla aphezulu okuxinana.
Ukuphucula ngakumbi amandla okutsalwa kwezinto, ilungelo lomenzi le-BASF lizisa indlela yokulungiselela i-masterbatch yearhente edibanisayo equlethe ii-isocyanates. Ukongeza i-2% yolu hlobo lwe-masterbatch kwisakhi esihlangabezana neemfuno ze-UL94V-0 flame retardant kunokunyusa amandla okutsalwa kwezinto ukusuka kwi-35MPa ukuya kwi-40MPa ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza kwe-V-0 flame retardant.
Ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguga kobushushu kwe-TPU ethintela ilangatye, ilungelo elilodwa lomenziInkampani yeZixhobo eziNtsha zaseLinghuaikwazisa indlela yokusebenzisa ii-hydroxide zesinyithi ezigqunywe ngumphezulu njengezithinteli zomlilo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana ne-hydrolysis ye-TPU ethintela umlilo,Inkampani yeZixhobo eziNtsha zaseLinghuayazisa i-metal carbonate ngokusekelwe ekongezeni i-melamine flame retardant kwenye isicelo sepatent.
4. I-TPU yefilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti yeemoto
Ifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti yemoto yifilimu yokukhusela eyahlula umphezulu wepeyinti emoyeni emva kokufakelwa, ithintele imvula ene-asidi, i-oxidation, imikrwelo, kwaye inika ukhuseleko oluhlala ixesha elide kumphezulu wepeyinti. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukukhusela umphezulu wepeyinti yemoto emva kokufakelwa. Ifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti ngokubanzi ineeleya ezintathu, kunye nengubo yokuziphilisa kumphezulu, ifilimu yepolymer embindini, kunye ne-adhesive ebuthathaka kuxinzelelo lwe-acrylic kumaleko osezantsi. I-TPU yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokulungiselela iifilimu zepolymer eziphakathi.
Iimfuneko zokusebenza ze-TPU ezisetyenziswa kwifilimu yokukhusela ipeyinti zezi zilandelayo: ukumelana nokukrwela, ukucaca okuphezulu (ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya>95%), ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, amandla okutsalwa>50MPa, ukunwebeka>400%, kunye nobubanzi bobunzima be-Shore A obuyi-87-93; Ukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu kukumelana nemozulu, okubandakanya ukumelana nokuguga kwe-UV, ukubola kwe-oxidative kubushushu, kunye ne-hydrolysis.
Iimveliso ezivuthiweyo ngoku ziyi-aliphatic TPU elungiselelwe nge-dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) kunye ne-polycaprolactone diol njengezinto eziluhlaza. I-TPU eqhelekileyo enuka kamnandi ibonakala ijika ibe tyheli emva kosuku olunye lokukhanyiswa kwe-UV, ngelixa i-aliphatic TPU esetyenziselwa ifilimu yokusonga imoto inokugcina i-coefficient yayo yokuba tyheli ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
I-TPU yePoly (ε – caprolactone) inamandla okusebenza alinganayo xa ithelekiswa ne-polyether kunye ne-polyester TPU. Kwelinye icala, inokubonakalisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokukrazuka kwe-polyester TPU eqhelekileyo, ngelixa kwelinye icala, ikwabonisa ukuguquguquka okungapheliyo okuphantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-polyether TPU, ngaloo ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike.
Ngenxa yeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwexabiso lemveliso emva kokwahlulwahlulwa kwemarike, ngokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokugquma umphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukulungisa ifomula yokuncamathelisa, kukwakho nethuba lokuba i-polyester okanye i-polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU isetyenziswe kwiifilimu zokukhusela ipeyinti kwixesha elizayo.
5. I-TPU esekelwe kwiBio
Indlela eqhelekileyo yokulungiselela i-TPU esekwe kwi-bio kukungenisa ii-monomers okanye ii-intermediates ezisekwe kwi-bio ngexesha lenkqubo ye-polymerization, ezifana nee-isocyanates ezisekwe kwi-bio (ezifana ne-MDI, i-PDI), ii-polyols ezisekwe kwi-bio, njl. Phakathi kwazo, ii-isocyanates ezisekwe kwi-bio zinqabile kwimarike, ngelixa ii-polyols ezisekwe kwi-bio zixhaphake kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelele ii-isocyanates ezisekelwe kwi-bio, kwasekuqaleni kowama-2000, i-BASF, iCovestro, kunye nezinye ziye zatyala umgudu omkhulu kuphando lwe-PDI, kwaye iqela lokuqala leemveliso ze-PDI lafakwa kwimarike ngo-2015-2016. I-Wanhua Chemical iphuhlise iimveliso ze-TPU ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezisekelwe kwi-bio zisebenzisa i-PDI esekwe kwi-bio eyenziwe nge-corn stover.
Ngokuphathelele ii-polyols ezisekelwe kwi-bio, ziquka i-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG) esekwe kwi-bio, i-1,4-butanediol (BDO) esekwe kwi-bio, i-1,3-propanediol (PDO) esekwe kwi-bio, ii-polyester polyols ezisekwe kwi-bio, njl.njl.
Okwangoku, abavelisi abaninzi be-TPU baqalise i-TPU esekelwe kwi-bio, esebenza ngokufana ne-TPU yendabuko esekelwe kwi-petrochemical. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi TPU ezisekelwe kwi-bio ukwinqanaba lomxholo osekelwe kwi-bio, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwi-30% ukuya kwi-40%, kwaye ezinye zifikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-TPU yendabuko esekelwe kwi-petrochemical, i-TPU esekelwe kwi-bio inezibonelelo ezinje ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, ukuhlaziywa okuzinzileyo kwezinto eziluhlaza, imveliso eluhlaza, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. I-BASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iWanhua Chemical, kunye neIzinto eziNtsha zeLinghuaBaqalise iimveliso zabo zeTPU ezisekelwe kwi-bio, kwaye ukunciphisa ikhabhoni kunye nokuzinza kwazo zizikhokelo eziphambili zophuhliso lweTPU kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-09-2024