Ebizwa njaloi-polyurethaneNgaba isishwankathelo sePolyurethane, esenziwa ngokusabela kwePolysolscans kunye nePolyols, kwaye iqulethe amaqela amaninzi e-Amino ephindaphindiweyo (- NH-CO-O) kwi-molecular thein. Ngokwenene i-Polyhedthane i-Polyhedthane isebenze, ukongeza kwiQela le-Amino Eter, kukho amaqela anjenge-Urea kunye ne-chairest. I-Polyols yeimolekyuli ze-chain ezinamaqela e-hydroxyl ekugqibeleni, ezibizwa ngokuba "ngamacandelo athambileyo", ngelixa i-chansing the sunks ", ngelixa i-polyossocomans ibizwa ngokuba" ngamacandelo anzima ".
Phakathi kwamachiza ePolyurrethane eveliswe ngamacandelo athambileyo kunye namandla e-hard chain, ipesenti encinci ngabantu abangama-Amino Acid, ngenxa yoko isenokungafanelekanga ukubabiza i-polyurethane. Kwingqiqo ebanzi, iPolyurethane yindawo eyongeziweyo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezinokwazisa nge-polyhydroxy computers zokuvelisa izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zePolymerthane, emva kokufumana izixhobo zePolymer ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-ralymers, imingxunya, njl njl.
Irabha yePolyurethane yeyohlobo olukhethekileyo lwerabha, eyenziwayo ngokuphendula i-polyer okanye i-polyester ene-neclonate. Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezingafunekiyo, iimeko zokuphendula, ngeendlela zokugqithisa. Ukusuka kwimbono yekhemikhali, kukho iindidi zemichiza kunye neentlobo zePolyber, kwaye ukusuka kwindlela yokulungisa indlela, zintathu iindidi: uhlobo lokuxuba, uhlobo lokuphosa, kunye nohlobo lwe-thermoplastic.
I-PolyureTthane iraliyo idityanisiwe ngokuphendula ngokuzenzekelayo i-Ponturter okanye iPolyteer enesimo se-Diisoclonate ukuba senze isisindo esiphantsi semolekyuli. Emva koko, i-arhente efanelekileyo yokuqhawula inkcitho yongezwa kwaye ishushu ukuyinyanga, iba yirabha yokoqobo. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-prepolymerization okanye indlela yenyathelo ezimbini.
Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise indlela yenyathelo ngalinye-ukudibanisa ngokuthe ngqo i-ponturter okanye ipontiether ene-diisocter, i-chain anders, kunye neearhente ezinqamlezileyo zokuqalisa ukusabela kwaye zivelise irabha yePolyturethane.
Isahlulo se-TPU Molecules senza imiqondiso ye-macromolecular elula ukujikeleza, ukubopha irakhi ye-polyurethane enesiphako, ukunciphisa indawo ethambileyo ye-polymer, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bayo kunye namandla. I-B-Supement iyabopha ukujikeleziswa kwemithanga ye-sucromoralecular, ibangela indawo yokuthambisa kunye nendawo yokutshintsha kwe-polymer ukuba inyukele, ikhokelela ekunyukeni kwamandla. Ngokuhlengahlengisa umyinge we-molar phakathi kwe-A kunye ne-B, i-TPUs enepropathi eyahlukeneyo yoomatshini inokuveliswa. Ukunxibelelanisa okugqogqa kwe-TPU akufuneki kuqwalasele nje ukudibanisa umnqamlezo ophambili, kodwa kunye nokudityaniswa kwesibini ukudityaniswa kwenziwe yi-hydrogen bonds phakathi kweemolekyuli. Ukunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo odibeneyo wePolyurethane kwahlukile kubume bevumba le-hydroxyl irabha. Iqela layo le-Amino Ester, Iqela le-Ibiurest, i-Ireate Iqela kunye namanye amaqela asebenza acwangciswe rhoqo kunye ne-spaind chain yenethiwekhi ye-rubber, enokunxiba kakuhle kunye nezinye izinto ezilungileyo. Okwesibini, ngenxa yobukho bamaqela amaninzi asebenzayo kakhulu njenge-Urea okanye amaqela e-Polyburethane ePollythane Rubber, kunye neebhondi ezinqamlezileyo zinebhondi ye-hydrogen nazo zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwirati ye-polytourthane irabha. Ukunxibelelanisa okwesibini kwenza ukuba irabha yePolyurethane ibe nempawu zokwenza iimpawu ze-elastosers zethutyana, kwelinye icala, ukunxibelelanisa umnqamlezo akuphumeli-hlekazi. Imowudi yokudibanisa-yokudibanisa ixhomekeke kubushushu. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu liyanda, oku kusetyenzwa komnqamlezo ngokuthe ngcembe buthathaka kwaye bunyamalale. I-polymer inolwelo oluthile kwaye inokufakwa phantsi kwenkqubo ye-thermoplastic. Xa iqondo lobushushu liyancipha, ukugcinwa komnqamlezo ngokuthe ngcembe kuyaphinda kwakhona kunye neefom kwakhona. Ukongezwa kwenani elincinci le-filler yonyusa umgama phakathi kweemolekyuli, ubuthathaka amandla okwenza iimolethi ze-hydrogen phakathi kweemolekyuli, kwaye zikhokelela ekwehliseni ubukhulu becala. Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba i-odolo yokuzinza kwamaqela ahlukeneyo ePolyturethane isuka kwirakhi isuka phezulu iye kuthi ga kwi-Deple ye-Dept ukusuka phezulu: Ngexesha lokukhula kweralberthane irabha, inyathelo lokuqala kukuqhekezwa kweebhondi ezinqamlezileyo phakathi kwe-charett kunye ne-Urea, kulandele ukophula i-carbamate kunye ne-chain ephambili.
I-01
I-Polyurrethane Elastomers, njengezixhobo ezininzi ze-polymer, zithambisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye notshintsho ukusuka kwimeko ye-elastic ukuya kwindawo yokuhamba kwe-viscous, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokukhawuleza kwamandla oomatshini. Ukusuka kwimbono yekhemikhali, ubushushu obuthambileyo be-elasticy ikakhulu buxhomekeke kwizinto ezinje ngokubulwa kwekhemikhali, ubunzima bemoyam, kunye nokuzonwabisa okunqamlezayo.
Ngokubanzi, kwandisa ubunzima bemolekyuli, ukwandisa ubungqola becandelo elinzima (njengokwazisa i-molenering ye-Bengnene kwimolekyuli) kunye nomxholo wecandelo elinzima, kwaye yonke iluncedo lokwandisa ubushushu obunqamlezileyo. Kwi-thermopastic ye-elastolimes, isakhiwo semolekyuli ikakhulu, kwaye ubushushu bokuthambisa kwe-elastomer nabo buyanyuka xa ubunzima bemolekyuli bunyuswe.
Ukulungiselela i-Polytors ye-Polytors, ukugqithisa uxineneni kunegalelo elikhulu kunemolekyuli yesihlobo. Ke ngoko, xa ivelisa izalisekisi, ukunyusa ukusebenza kwamalungu amdaka okanye iPolyols kunokwenza indawo yokudibanisa iimolethi ezinqamlezileyo kwimozulu, okanye esebenzisa i-seraces egqithisileyo yokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu, kunye namandla ombane.
Xa i-PPDI (p-phenyldiisonate) isetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziluhlaza, ngenxa yonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kumaqela aphezulu e-Benzene, ephucula ingqokelela ye-Bengne ye-Bezene, oko kukuphucula ukumelana kobushushu kwe-elastomer.
Ukusuka kwimbono yomzimba, iqondo lobushushu le-elastomers lixhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuzahlulahlula-hlula. Ngokwengxelo, ubushushu obuthambileyo bee-Elastomers ezingakhange ziphantsi kakhulu, kunye neqondo lokushisa elimalunga nama-70 ℃, ngelixa izahlulelo ezimalunga ne-130-150-150-150-150-150-150 ℃. Ke ngoko, ukwanda kwenqanaba lokwahlulahlulahlula i-MAVASTomers yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu babo.
Inqanaba lokwahlulahlulahlula-hlulo lwe-MAVASTomers linokuphuculwa ngokutshintsha isilinganiselo semolekyuli ye-chain kunye nomxholo weqela eliqinileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuphucule ubushushu baso. Uninzi lwabaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba isizathu sokwahlulahlula-hlulwa kwe-pulysarethane yi-thermodynamic engahambelaniyo phakathi kweendawo ezithambileyo nezinzima. Uhlobo lomxokelelwane, isahlulo esinzima kunye nomxholo wayo, uhlobo oluthambileyo lohlobo, kunye ne-hydrogen bound zonke zinefuthe elibonakalayo kuyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Diol Cloin, Diamine Chain Asvien anjengeMoca (3,3-dichloro-biamine-biphanylenedine) i-DCBSEAMECHY) I-DCB ENCHEAME AIno AMANQAKU E-EAGENE AMANQAKU AMANQAKU APHA AMANDLA AMAHLE NOKUFUNDA inqanaba lokwahlulahlulahlula-hlulo lwe-bumbosen kwi-Elastomers; I-Sydmmetric Fain Arin As vein efana ne-P, i-P-Dicydroquindone, kwaye i-hydroquinone iyingenelo kwi-prophase eqinileyo kunye nokupakishwa ngokuqinileyo kwamacandelo amaxabiso.
The amino ester segments formed by aliphatic isocyanates have good compatibility with the soft segments, resulting in more hard segments dissolving in the soft segments, reducing the degree of microphase separation. Amacandelo e-Amino Esters eyenziwe nge-Aromatic Olclonates anendawo engalunganga kunye necandelo elithambileyo, ngelixa inqanaba lokwahlulahlula i-MAVASAse liphezulu. I-Polyoolefin Polyurethane inesakhiwo sokwahlulahlulahlulahlula-hlula i-raphase epheleleyo ngenxa yokuba icandelo elithambileyo alibubungeli bonds ze-hydrogen kunye neebhondi ze-hydrogen zinokwenzeka kuphela kwicandelo elinzima.
Iziphumo ze-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kwindawo yokuthambisa ye-elastors ikwabalulekile. Nangona ii-polyathers kunye ne-carbonyls kwicandelo elithambileyo linokwenza inani elikhulu leebhondi ze-hydrogen nge-NH kwicandelo elinzima, ikwandisa ubushushu bokuthambisa kwe-elastomers. Iqinisekisiwe ukuba iibhondi ze-hydrogen zihlala zigcina i-40% ngo-200 ℃.
I-02 ye-thermal
Amaqela e-Amino Estester afikelele kwezi zinto zilandelayo kubushushu obuphezulu:
-I-rnhcoor-rnc0 ho-r
-I-Rnhcoor-RNH2 CO2 Ene
-I-Rnhcoor-Rnhr Co2 Ene
Zintathu iindlela eziphambili zokungalunganga kwe-pullilol yezinto ezisesikweni zePolyurethane:
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-mandolonathu yasebusweni kunye neepokoli;
② α- i-oxygen yeoksijini kwikhefu le-Ch2 i-Chydrogen Bond kwi-ch2 ye-Amino Acids kunye neAlkenes. I-Amino Acids ibolekele kwi-amine eyintloko ye-amine kunye ne-carbon diokside:
③ Yenza i-1 ye-1 Amine kunye ne-carbon diokside.
Ukungasebenzi kwe-thermal yesakhiwo se-carbamate:
Aryl NHCO Aryl, ~ 120 ℃;
N-alkyl-nhco-Aryl, ~ 180 ℃;
Aryl NHCO N-Alkyl, ~ 2000;
N-Alkyl-Nhco-N-Alkyl, ~ 250 ℃.
Ukuzinza kwe-shirmal ye-Amino Acid Esters inxulumene neentlobo zezixhobo zokuqalisa ezifana nezolosulelo kunye neePools. I-Aliphatic I-I-Aliphaticosates ingaphezulu kune-iromatic catidates, ngelixa i-alcoloty yotywala ezinamafutha ziphezulu kuneeflato ezivuzayo. Nangona kunjalo, uncwadi luxela ukuba iqondo lokungalunganga le-thermal ye-Aliino Amino Acid iphakathi kwe-160-180 ℃, kwaye ye-amino acid ephakathi kwe-180-200 ℃, engahambelaniyo nedatha engentla kwedatha. Isizathu sinokuhambelana nendlela yovavanyo.
Ngapha koko, i-aliphatic chdi (i-1,4-cycloheXane diisocyanate) kunye ne-HDI (Hexamethylene Diisocyanate) yenze ukumelana nobushushu kune-MDI. Ngakumbi i-chdi ye-chdi enesakhiwo se-Symetrical samkelwe njengeyona nto ixhaphakileyo yobushushu. I-Polyurrethane Elastomes ilungiselelwe kuyo ukuba iphumelele kakuhle, ukuchasana nokugqwesa kwe-hydrolysis, ubushushu obuphezulu obuphakathi, ubushushu beglasi ephantsi, i-histeresis ephezulu, kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu.
Ukongeza kwiQela le-Amino Eyerter, i-Polyurtors ye-Polytors ikwanazo namanye amaqela anjenge-Urea enje, i-Ibiuret, u-Ibiuret, u-Iriya, njl njl.
I-NHCONCOO - (i-Aliiiphatic urea), 85-105 ℃;
-I-nyconcoo - (i-vusa i-areate), kuluhlu lobushushu lwe-1-120 ℃;
- NHCONNHOH - (i-Aliiphhauret), kwiqondo lobushushu elisusela kwi-10 ° C ukuya kwi-110 ° C;
NHCONNOH - (i-Aromatic Biuret), 115-125 ℃;
Nyconh - (Aliigit urea), i-140-180 ℃;
- Nhkonh - (i-Aromatic urea), 160-200 ℃;
I-Schooring Iringi> 270 ℃.
Amaqondo obushushu angcolileyo e-i-i-i-i-i-i-i-irea asezantsi kakhulu kunoko ye-amnoromar kunye ne-Urea, ngelixa i-i-I-I-InClorate inozinzo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu. Kwimveliso ye-Elastomes, indawo egqithisileyo inokusabela phambili kunye ne-AMOCOMFOFOFROFROFOME YAMA-AMIINOMFOFOME kunye ne-Urea ukuya kwi-UrA esekwe kwi-Urea esekwe kunye nezakhiwo ezinxibelelene. Nangona banokuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini bee-Elastomers, azibonakali kakhulu kubushushu.
Ukunciphisa amaqela angazinzanga angenazingazizwanga njenge-biouret kwaye u-Urea wayeseke i-elastomes, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela umyinge wawo wemveliso kunye nemveliso. Inqanaba eligqithisiweyo eliyingqongileyo kufuneka lisetyenziswe, kwaye ezinye iindlela kufuneka zisetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba zizenzele izikhonkwane ze-cares ekwanti kwizinto eziluhlaza (ubukhulu becala, kwaye emva koko bazise kwi-elastomer ngokweenkqubo eziqhelekileyo. Le yeyona ndlela isetyenziswayo isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni ubushushu obunganyangekiyo kunye ne-ponturethane enganyangekiyo.
I-03 ye-hydrolysis kunye ne-oxidation ye-thermal
I-PolytorimeSthane I-Elastomers ithathela ingqalelo kwi-thermal dequvotion kwiindawo zabo ezinzima kunye notshintsho lwekhemikhali lwekhemikhali kumacandelo abo athambileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-polyoerter Elastomers inomchasi wamanzi ohluphekayo kunye notyekelo oluqatha ngakumbi kwi-hydrolyze kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Inkonzo yobomi bePolyester / i-TDI / diemine inokufikelela kwiinyanga ezi-4-5 kwi-50 ℃, kwiiveki ezimbini kuphela kwi-70 ℃, kwaye kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphezulu kwe-100 ℃. Iibhondi ze-Esters zinokubola kwii-acids ezihambelana ne-acids kunye ne-alcohols xa zivezwa ngamanzi ashushu kunye ne-Steam, kunye ne-Amino kunye ne-Amino Esters kwi-Elastolysis ikwakhona
I-RCOOR H20- → iRcooh Hor
Utywala obu-bester
Enye rnhkohr enye h20- → iRxhcooh H2NR -
Ureamide
I-rnhcoor-h20- → i-RNCOOH HOW-
I-Amino ifumene i-ester e-amino yoyike yotywala
I-Polloether esekwe kwi-elastomers inesizinza se-oxidation esisezantsi, kwaye i-ether esulelekileyo ye-α- I-hydrogen kwi-atoni ye-carbon i-oxidon i-oxidid i-oxidid, yenza i-hydrogen peroxide. Emva kokubekwa phambili kunye nokucoca, kuvelisa i-radicals ye-radicals kunye ne-hydroxyl radicals, eyenza ukuba iboleke ekwakheni okanye i-aldehydes.
I-polysters ezahlukeneyo zinefuthe elincinci ekuxhathisweni kobushushu be-Elastomers, ngelixa iipolitars ezahlukeneyo zinempembelelo ethile. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-TDI-MOCA-PTMEG, TDI-PA-PTMEG inamanqanaba okuthintela amandla angama-44% kunye ne-60% ngokwam nge-121 ℃ kwiintsuku ezi-7, kwaye babelane kakhulu kunangaphambili. Isizathu sokuba iimolekyuli ze-PPG zineentsontelo ezinamafutha, ezingahambelani nolungelelwaniso lweemolekyuli ze-elastic kwaye zinciphise ukumelana nobushushu bomzimba we-elastiki. I-odolo yozinzo ye-thermal yeeplanga zezi: ptmeg> Peg> PPG.
Amanye amaqela asebenza ePolytorthane Alastomers, anjenge-Urea kunye ne-carbamate, nayo i-oxividation kunye ne-hydrolysis yokuphendula. Nangona kunjalo, iqela le-ether lelona xesha lincinci, ngelixa iqela le-Ester lelona qhina lilula. I-odolo yo-AntioXayont kunye no-Hydrolysis
Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Ii-Esters> Irea> I-carbamate> i-ether;
Ukunganyangeki kweHydrolysis: Ester
Ukuphucula ukumelana kwe-oxidation yePolyether Polyurethane kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-Hydrolysis yePolysist Polyurethane, enjengeza i-1% ye-fenockiment irganox1010 kwi-PTMEG POLTEETER. Amandla e-thastomer anokwandiswa ngamaxesha ama-3-5 athelekiswa ngaphandle kwe-antisoxidants (iziphumo zovavanyo emva kokwaluphala nge-1500c kwiiyure ezili-168 ze-168 iiyure ezingama-168). Kodwa ayingabo bonke i-antioxidant enefuthe kwi-elastoshes, kuphela i-fenolicane 110 ne-topalol051 Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendima ebalulekileyo yamaqela e-phenolic kwi-Antiolization ye-Ahenoction ye-antiolsm, "ukusilela" kwale Polyols ye-Isclools akufuneki kudityaniswe kakhulu, kwaye oo-Antiooxidants kufuneka bongezwe. Ukuba yongezwa ngexesha lokuveliswa kwabasemva, kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuzinzileyo.
Izongezo ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-hydrolysis ye-polystethane ye-Elastors ikakhulu i-carbodiidide ye-Acidstomes kwi-Elastomes kwi-Elastomes ye-Elastomes, ethintela ngakumbi i-hydrolysis. Ukongezwa kwe-carbodiimide kwiqhezu elikhulu le-2% ukuya kwi-5% kunokwandisa uzinzo lwamanzi nge-polyurrethane ngamaxesha angama-2-4. Ukongeza, i-terter bheedl ye-whedl, hexamethylenetetrouramine, i-AzodicarboNaNamide, njl njl.
Iimpawu eziphambili zentsebenzo
I-Polyurrethane ye-elastomers ipeyinti ye-copolymers ye-moleclor, kunye namakhonkco e-molecular aqulunqwe ngamaqondo obushushu eglasi asezantsi kunamaqondo obushushu egumbi kunye nobushushu beglasi ngaphezulu kobushushu begumbi. Phakathi kwabo, uOligemeric Polyols forments, ngelixa u-Diisoclocates kunye ne-molekyuli amancinci i-moleccule. Ulwakhiwo oluchaphazelekayo lwezinto eziguquguqukayo nezingqongqo
. I-Polyredthane I-Elastomers inokufikelela ephantsi njenge-shaoter a10 kwaye iphakame njengomthunzi d85, ngaphandle kwesidingo soncedo lokufihla;
(2) Amandla aphezulu kunye ne-elastice isenokugcinwa ngaphakathi kobunzima;
(3) Ukunganyangeki okuhle, amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kweli-2 ukuba yerabha yendalo;
(4) ukumelana namanzi, ioyile kunye neekhemikhali;
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(8) I-bimoMPini elungileyo kunye neepropathi ze-anticoulant;
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I-Polyredthane I-Elastomers isekwe kusetyenziswa iinkqubo ezifanayo njengerabha eqhelekileyo, njengokufaka iplastiki, ukuxuba kunye nokuvuselelwa. Banokubunjwa ngohlobo lwerabha yolwelo ngokugalela, ukubumba kwe-Centrifugal, okanye ukutshiza. Banokwenziwa kwabenziwa njengezixhobo zegranular kwaye besenziwa besebenzisa inaliti, ukuphuma, ukuqengqeleka, ukubetha, kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ngale ndlela, kungekuphela nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi, kodwa kukuphucula ukuchaneka kwemveliso kunye nembonakalo yemveliso
I-POSTAL: I-Dec-05 ukuya ku-023