Yintoni iThermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Yintoni iThermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

I-polyurethane elastomer luhlobo lwemathiriyeli eyenziwe nge-polyurethane (ezinye iintlobo zibhekisa kugwebu lwe-polyurethane, i-polyurethane adhesive, i-polyurethane yokwambathisa kunye ne-polyurethane fiber), kunye ne-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yenye yeentlobo ezintathu ze-polyurethane elastomer, Abantu badla ngokuyibiza njenge-TPU ezinye iindidi ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyurethane elastomers zenziwe nge-polyurethane elastomers, ezifinyeziweyo njenge-CPU, kunye ne-polyurethane elastomers ezixutywe, ezifinyeziweyo njenge-MPU).

I-TPU luhlobo lwe-polyurethane elastomer enokuthi yenziwe ngeplastiki ngokufudumeza kwaye inyibilikiswe yi-solvent. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CPU kunye ne-MPU, i-TPU inomnqamlezo omncinci okanye ayikho imichiza kwimichiza yayo. Ikhonkco layo leemolekyuli ngokusisiseko linomgca, kodwa kukho ubungakanani obuthile bokudibanisa okunqamlezayo. Le yiThermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ebonakala kakhulu kwisakhiwo.

Ubume kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-TPU

I-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yi-(AB) block linear polymer. I-A imele i-polymer polyol (i-ester okanye i-polyether, i-molecular weight ye-1000 ~ 6000) ene-molecular weight high, ebizwa ngokuba yi-chain chain; I-B imele idiol equlethe i-2-12 ye-athomu ye-carbon chain, ebizwa ngokuba yitsheyini emfutshane.

Kwisakhiwo se-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, icandelo A libizwa ngokuba yi-soft segment, eneempawu zokuguquguquka kunye nokuthamba, okwenza i-TPU ibe nokwandiswa; Ikhonkco ye-urethane eyenziwa yi-reaction phakathi kwecandelo le-B kunye ne-isocyanate ibizwa ngokuba yi-hard segment, eneempawu eziqinileyo kunye nezilukhuni. Ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wecandelo le-A kunye ne-B, iimveliso ze-TPU ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye noomatshini zenziwe.

Ngokutsho kwesakhiwo secandelo elithambileyo, linokwahlulwa libe luhlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kunye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, ngokulandelanayo luqukethe iqela le-ester, iqela le-ether, okanye iqela le-butene. Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo elinzima, linokwahlulwa libe luhlobo lwe-urethane kunye nodidi lwe-urethane urea, ezifunyenwe ngokulandelelana kwi-ethylene glycol chain extenders okanye i-diamine chain extenders. Ukwahlula okuqhelekileyo kwahlulwe kuhlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.

Zeziphi imathiriyeli ekrwada ye-TPU synthesis?

(1) I-Polymer Diol

I-Macromolecular diol ene-molecular weight ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-4000 kunye namaqela asebenzayo, kunye nomxholo we-50% ukuya kwi-80% kwi-TPU elastomer, idlala indima ecacileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali ze-TPU.

I-polymer Diol efanelekileyo kwi-TPU elastomer inokwahlulwa ibe yi-polyester kunye ne-polyether: i-polyester iquka i-polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Iipolyetha ziquka i-polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), i-tetrahydrofuran i-polyether glycol (PTMG), njl.

(2) I-Diisocyanate

Ubunzima bemolekyuli buncinci kodwa umsebenzi ubalaseleyo, ongadlali kuphela indima yokudibanisa icandelo elithambileyo kunye necandelo elinzima, kodwa likwanika iTPU ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye nezomatshini. I-diisocyanates esebenzayo kwi-TPU zezi: I-Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), i-methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), i-p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), i-1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate PXDI), njl.

(3) Isandisi sekhonkco

I-chain extender ene-molecular weight ye-100 ~ 350, eyeye-Diol encinci ye-molecular, ubunzima be-molecular weight, i-chain open chain structure kwaye akukho qela lithatha indawo lilungele ukufumana ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphezulu be-scalar ye-TPU. Izandiso zekhonkco ezifanelekileyo kwi-TPU ziquka i-1,4-butanediol (BDO), i-1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), i-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), i-p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), njl.

Ukuguqulwa kokusetyenziswa kwe-TPU njenge-Arhente eQinisayo

Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zemveliso kunye nokufumana ukusebenza okongeziweyo, i-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers ingasetyenziswa njengee-agent ezihlala zisetyenziswa ukuqinisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zerabha eziguquliweyo kunye ne-thermoplastic.

Ngenxa ye-polarity ephezulu, i-polyurethane inokuhambelana ne-polar resins okanye i-rubbers, njenge-polyethylene ye-chlorinated (CPE), engasetyenziselwa ukwenza iimveliso zonyango; Ukudibanisa ne-ABS kunokutshintsha i-thermoplastics yobunjineli ukuze isetyenziswe; Xa isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-polycarbonate (i-PC), ineepropati ezifana nokuchasana kweoli, ukuxhathisa i-fuel, kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imizimba yemoto; Xa idibene nepolyester, ukuqina kwayo kunokuphuculwa; Ukongeza, inokuhambelana kakuhle nePVC, iPolyoxymethylene okanye iPVDC; I-polyester polyurethane inokuhambelana kakuhle ne-15% yerabha ye-Nitrile okanye i-40% yerabha ye-nitrile / umxube we-PVC; I-polyether polyurethane iyakwazi ukuhambelana kakuhle ne-40% yerabha ye-nitrile / i-polyvinyl chloride yokudibanisa i-adhesive; Iyakwazi ukuhambelana ne-acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Inokwenza i-interpenetrating network (IPN) izakhiwo ezine-polysiloxanes ezisebenzayo. Uninzi lwezi zixhobo zokuncamathela ezixutyiweyo ezikhankanywe ngasentla sele ziveliswe ngokusemthethweni.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho uphando olwenyukayo malunga nokuqiniswa kwePOM yiTPU eTshayina. Ukudityaniswa kwe-TPU kunye ne-POM akuphuculi kuphela ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zemishini ye-TPU, kodwa ikwaqinisa kakhulu i-POM. Abanye abaphandi babonise ukuba kwiimvavanyo zokuphuka kwe-tensile, xa kuthelekiswa ne-POM matrix, i-POM alloy ene-TPU iye yatshintsha ukusuka kwi-brittle fracture ukuya kwi-ductile fracture. Ukongezwa kwe-TPU kukwanika iPOM ngokusebenza kwememori yemilo. Ummandla we-crystalline we-POM usebenza njengesigaba esisisigxina se-alloy memory alloy, ngelixa ummandla we-amorphous we-TPU ye-amorphous kunye ne-POM isebenza njengesigaba sokubuyisela umva. Xa iqondo lokushisa lokuphendula lokubuyisela liyi-165 ℃ kunye nexesha lokubuyisela imizuzwana ye-120, izinga lokubuyisela i-alloy lifikelela ngaphezu kwe-95%, kwaye umphumo wokubuyisela ungcono.

I-TPU inzima ukuhambelana nezixhobo zepolymer ezingezona i-polar ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-Ethylene propylene irabha, i-butadiene irabha, i-rubber ye-isoprene okanye i-rubber inkunkuma yepowder, kwaye ayinakusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-composites kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ke ngoko, iindlela zonyango ezingaphezulu njengeplasma, i-corona, ikhemistri emanzi, i-primer, ilangatye okanye igesi esebenzayo ihlala isetyenziselwa okokugqibela. Umzekelo, iNkampani yeeMveliso zoMoya waseMelika kunye neeChemicals yenze i-F2/O2 yonyango lomphezulu wegesi esebenzayo kwi-ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene umgubo ocolekileyo kunye nobunzima bemolekyuli obuzizigidi ezi-3-5, kwaye yongeza kwi-polyurethane elastomer kumlinganiselo we-10. %, enokuphucula kakhulu imodyuli yayo yeFlexural, amandla okuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Kwaye i-F2 / O2 i-gas esebenzayo unyango lwe-gas surface lunokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwi-directionally elongated short fibers kunye nobude be-6-35mm, enokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokukrazula ukuqina kwezinto ezidibeneyo.

Zeziphi iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweTPU?

Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLubrizol) yabhalisa okokuqala uphawu lweTPU i-Estane. Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, bekukho amagama ebhrendi angaphezu kwama-20 kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ibhrendi nganye inothotho lweemveliso. Okwangoku, abenzi bezinto ezibonakalayo be-TPU abaphambili emhlabeni ngaba: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, njl.

Njenge-elastomer egqwesileyo, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso ezisezantsi, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla, iimpahla zemidlalo, iithoyi, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye namanye amabala. Ngezantsi kukho imizekelo embalwa.

① Izixhobo zesihlangu

I-TPU isetyenziselwa ikakhulu izixhobo zezihlangu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Iimveliso zezihlangu eziqulethe i-TPU zikhululekile ngakumbi ukunxiba kuneemveliso zezihlangu eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zezihlangu eziphezulu, ngakumbi ezinye izihlangu zemidlalo kunye nezihlangu eziqhelekileyo.

② Imibhobho

Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, ukomelela okuqinileyo, ukomelela kwempembelelo, kunye nokuxhathisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, imibhobho yeTPU isetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina njengemibhobho yerhasi neyeoyile yezixhobo zoomatshini ezifana nenqwelomoya, iitanki, iimoto, izithuthuthu, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.

③ Intambo

I-TPU ibonelela ngokumelana nokukrazula, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye neempawu zokugoba, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuphantsi ngundoqo ekusebenzeni kwentambo. Ke kwimarike yaseTshayina, iintambo eziphambili ezinje ngeentambo zolawulo kunye neentambo zombane zisebenzisa ii-TPU ukukhusela izinto zokugquma zoyilo lwentambo ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye izicelo zabo ziya zisanda.

④ Izixhobo zonyango

I-TPU yinto ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu ye-PVC, engayi kuba ne-Phthalate kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi beekhemikhali, kwaye iya kufudukela egazini okanye kwezinye izinto ezimanzi kwi-catheter yonyango okanye isikhwama sonyango ukuze kubangele iziphumo ezibi. Ngaphaya koko, ibakala eliphuhliswe ngokukodwa le-extrusion kunye nebakala lenaliti ye-TPU linokusetyenziswa ngokulula ngolungiso oluncinci kwizixhobo ezikhoyo zePVC.

⑤ Izithuthi kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho

Ngokukhupha kunye nokugquma amacala omabini elaphu lenylon kunye ne-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, i-inflatable combat attack rafts kunye ne-reconnaissance rafts ethwele abantu be-3-15 inokwenziwa, kunye nokusebenza okungcono kakhulu kune-raber evuzayo e-inflatable rafts; I-Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer eyomelezwe ngefiber yeglasi inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza amalungu omzimba anje ngeendawo ezibunjiweyo kumacala omabini emoto ngokwayo, izikhumba zamacango, iibhampa, imicu yokuchasa ukukhuhlana, kunye neegrile.