Yintoni i-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Yintoni i-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

I-polyurethane elastomer luhlobo lwezinto ezenziwe nge-polyurethane (ezinye iintlobo zibhekisa kwi-polyurethane foam, i-polyurethane adhesive, i-polyurethane coating kunye ne-polyurethane fiber), kwaye i-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yenye yeentlobo ezintathu ze-polyurethane elastomer, Abantu badla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi-TPU (ezinye iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-polyurethane elastomers zii-cast polyurethane elastomers, ezifinyeziweyo njenge-CPU, kunye nee-mixed polyurethane elastomers, ezifinyeziweyo njenge-MPU).

I-TPU luhlobo lwe-polyurethane elastomer enokwenziwa iplastiki ngokufudumeza ize inyibilikiswe yi-solvent. Xa ithelekiswa ne-CPU kunye ne-MPU, i-TPU ayinayo i-chemical cross-linking encinci okanye ayinayo kwaphela kwisakhiwo sayo seekhemikhali. I-molecular chain yayo i-linear ngokusisiseko, kodwa kukho ubungakanani obuthile be-physical cross-linking. Le yi-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ephawuleka kakhulu kwisakhiwo.

Ulwakhiwo kunye nokuhlelwa kweTPU

I-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yi-(AB) block linear polymer. I-A imele i-polymer polyol (i-ester okanye i-polyether, ubunzima be-molecular be-1000 ~ 6000) enobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular, ebizwa ngokuba yi-long chain; i-B imele i-diol equlethe ii-athomu ze-carbon ze-2-12 ze-straight chain, ebizwa ngokuba yi-short chain.

Kwisakhiwo se-Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, icandelo A libizwa ngokuba yi-soft segment, eneempawu zokuguquguquka nokuthamba, okwenza i-TPU ibe nolwandiso; Ikhonkco le-urethane eliveliswa yimpendulo phakathi kwecandelo le-B kunye ne-isocyanate libizwa ngokuba yi-hard segment, eneempawu eziqinileyo neziqinileyo. Ngokulungisa umlinganiselo wecandelo le-A kunye ne-B, kwenziwa iimveliso ze-TPU ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba neze-mechanical.

Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo elithambileyo, linokwahlulwahlulwa lube luhlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kunye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, eziqulathe iqela le-ester, iqela le-ether, okanye iqela le-butene ngokulandelelana. Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo eliqinileyo, linokwahlulwa lube luhlobo lwe-urethane kunye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, ezifumaneka ngokwahlukeneyo kwi-ethylene glycol chain extenders okanye kwi-diamine chain extenders. Udidi oluqhelekileyo lwahlulwe lube luhlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.

Zithini izinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kusenziwa iTPU?

(1) I-Polymer Diol

I-diol ye-macromolecular enobunzima beemolekyuli ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-4000 kunye namaqela asebenzayo amabini, anomxholo we-50% ukuya kwi-80% kwi-TPU elastomer, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-TPU.

I-polymer Diol efanelekileyo kwi-TPU elastomer inokwahlulwa ibe yi-polyester kwaye i-polyether: i-polyester ibandakanya i-polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Ii-Polyether ziquka i-polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), i-tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), njl.

(2) I-Diisocyanate

Ubunzima bemolekyuli buncinci kodwa umsebenzi wayo ubalasele, ongadlali indima yokudibanisa icandelo elithambileyo kunye necandelo eliqinileyo kuphela, kodwa ukwanika iTPU iipropati ezahlukeneyo ezilungileyo zomzimba nezoomatshini. Ii-diisocyanates ezisebenzayo kwi-TPU zezi: iMethylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), i-methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), i-p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), i-1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), i-p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), njl.

(3) Isandisi setsheyini

I-chain extender enobunzima be-molecular obuyi-100 ~ 350, ekwi-molecular Diol encinci, ubunzima be-molecular obuncinci, isakhiwo se-chain evulekileyo kwaye akukho qela lithatha indawo linceda ekufumaneni ubunzima obuphezulu kunye nobunzima be-scalar obuphezulu be-TPU. I-chain extenders ezifanelekileyo kwi-TPU ziquka i-1,4-butanediol (BDO), i-1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), i-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), i-p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), njl.

Ukusetyenziswa kohlengahlengiso lwe-TPU njenge-Agent Toughening

Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zemveliso kwaye kufumaneke ukusebenza okongezelelekileyo, ii-elastomers ze-thermoplastic ze-polyurethane zingasetyenziswa njengee-arhente zokuqinisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuqinisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zerabha ze-thermoplastic kunye nerabha eziguquliweyo.

Ngenxa ye-polarity yayo ephezulu, i-polyurethane ingahambelana nee-resin ze-polar okanye iirabha, ezifana ne-polyethylene e-chlorinated (CPE), enokusetyenziswa ukwenza iimveliso zonyango; Ukudibanisa ne-ABS kungathatha indawo ye-thermoplastics yobunjineli ukuze isetyenziswe; Xa isetyenziswa kunye ne-polycarbonate (PC), ineempawu ezifana nokuxhathisa ioyile, ukuxhathisa ipetroli, kunye nokuxhathisa impembelelo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imizimba yemoto; Xa idibene ne-polyester, ukuqina kwayo kunokuphuculwa; Ukongeza, ingahambelana kakuhle ne-PVC, i-Polyoxymethylene okanye i-PVDC; i-Polyester polyurethane ingahambelana kakuhle ne-15% yerabha ye-Nitrile okanye i-40% yerabha ye-nitrile/PVC blend; i-Polyether polyurethane ingahambelana kakuhle ne-40% yerabha ye-nitrile/polyvinyl chloride blend adhesive; Ingahambelana kwakhona nee-acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Ingenza izakhiwo ze-interpenetrating network (IPN) ezine-reactive polysiloxanes. Uninzi lwezi-adhesives ezixutyiweyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla sele zenziwe ngokusemthethweni.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubekho uphando olukhulayo malunga nokuqina kwe-POM yi-TPU eTshayina. Ukudibanisa i-TPU kunye ne-POM akuphuculi nje kuphela ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zoomatshini ze-TPU, kodwa kukwaqinisa kakhulu i-POM. Abanye abaphandi babonise ukuba kwiimvavanyo zokuqhekeka okuxineneyo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-POM matrix, i-POM alloy ene-TPU itshintshe ukusuka kwi-brittle fracture ukuya kwi-ductile fracture. Ukongezwa kwe-TPU kukwanika i-POM ukusebenza kwememori yesimo. Ummandla we-crystalline we-POM usebenza njengesigaba esimiselweyo se-shape memory alloy, ngelixa ummandla ongenamomorphous we-TPU kunye ne-POM ongenamomorphous usebenza njengesigaba esiguqukayo. Xa ubushushu bokuphendula kokubuyisela buyi-165 ℃ kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela liyimizuzwana eyi-120, izinga lokubuyisela le-alloy lifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-95%, kwaye isiphumo sokubuyisela singcono kakhulu.

I-TPU kunzima ukuyihambelana nezinto ze-polymer ezingezizo ze-polar ezifana ne-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-Ethylene propylene rubber, i-butadiene rubber, i-isoprene rubber okanye i-waste rubber powder, kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa ukuvelisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezisebenza kakuhle. Ke ngoko, iindlela zonyango lomphezulu ezifana ne-plasma, i-corona, i-Wet chemistry, i-primer, i-flame okanye i-reactive gas zihlala zisetyenziswa kule yokugqibela. Umzekelo, i-American Air Products and Chemicals Company yenze unyango lomphezulu wegesi esebenzayo ye-F2/O2 kwi-polyethylene fine powder enobunzima be-molecular obuyi-3-5 yezigidi, kwaye yongeza kwi-polyurethane elastomer ngomlinganiselo we-10%, nto leyo enokuphucula kakhulu i-Flexural modulus yayo, amandla okutsalwa kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Kwaye unyango lomphezulu wegesi esebenzayo ye-F2/O2 lungasetyenziswa nakwiifayibha ezimfutshane ezinde ngokwecala ezinobude be-6-35mm, nto leyo enokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuqina kokukrazuka kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo.

Zeziphi iindawo zokusetyenziswa kweTPU?

Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLubrizol) yabhalisa uphawu lweTPU i-Estane okokuqala. Kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, bekukho amagama eempawu angaphezu kwama-20 kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye uphawu ngalunye luneemveliso ezininzi. Okwangoku, abavelisi bezinto ezikrwada zeTPU abaphambili ehlabathini ngaba: iBASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iHuntsman Corporation, iMcKinsey, iGolding, njl.

Njenge-elastomer ebalaseleyo, i-TPU ineemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezisezantsi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla, izinto zemidlalo, izinto zokudlala, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye nezinye iinkalo. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa.

① Izixhobo zezihlangu

I-TPU isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zezihlangu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Iimveliso zezihlangu ezine-TPU zikhululekile kakhulu ukuzinxiba kuneemveliso zezihlangu eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zezihlangu ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngakumbi ezinye izihlangu zemidlalo kunye nezihlangu eziqhelekileyo.

② Iipayipi

Ngenxa yokuba ithambile, inamandla okutsalwa kakuhle, inamandla okutsha, kunye nokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, iipayipi zeTPU zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina njengeepayipi zegesi neoyile kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezifana neenqwelo moya, iitanki, iimoto, iibhayisekile kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.

③ Intambo

I-TPU ibonelela ngokumelana nokukrazuka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye neempawu zokugoba, kwaye ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi yeyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kweentambo. Ngoko ke kwimarike yaseTshayina, iintambo eziphambili ezifana neentambo zokulawula kunye neentambo zombane zisebenzisa ii-TPU ukukhusela izixhobo zokugquma zoyilo lweentambo ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye usetyenziso lwazo luya lusanda.

④ Izixhobo zonyango

I-TPU yinto ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo nesemgangathweni ophezulu yokufaka endaweni ye-PVC, engazukuqulatha i-Phthalate kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwiikhemikhali, kwaye iya kufudukela egazini okanye kwezinye izinto ezikwi-catheter yezonyango okanye kwibhegi yezonyango ukuze ibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngaphezu koko, i-TPU yodidi olukhethekileyo lwe-extrusion kunye ne-injection grade ingasetyenziswa ngokulula ngokulungiswa kancinci kwezixhobo ze-PVC ezikhoyo.

⑤ Izithuthi kunye nezinye iindlela zothutho

Ngokukhupha nokugquma amacala omabini elaphu le-nylon nge-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, kungenziwa ii-rafts zokuhlasela zokulwa ezifuthwayo kunye nee-rafts zokuhlola ezithwala abantu aba-3-15, ngentsebenzo engcono kakhulu kunee-rafts zerabha ezifuthwayo ezifuthwayo; I-polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer eqiniswe ngefayibha yeglasi ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto zomzimba ezifana neendawo ezibunjiweyo kumacala omabini emoto ngokwayo, izikhumba zeengcango, ii-bumpers, ii-anti friction strips, kunye nee-grilles.