1. Yintoni ii-polymerUKUSETYENZISWA KOMSEBENZI? Yintoni umsebenzi wayo?
Impendulo: Iizongezo ziikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo ekufuneka zongezwe kwizinto ezithile kunye neemveliso kwimveliso okanye inkqubo yokulungisa ukuphucula iinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokonyusa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Kwinkqubo yokulungisa i-resins kunye nerabha yerabha kwiimveliso zeplastiki kunye nerabha, kufuneka iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo.
Umsebenzi: ② Ukuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso, ukuphucula ixabiso labo kunye nexesha lokuphila.
2.Yintoni into oyithethayo phakathi kwezinto zongezwa kunye neepolymers? Yintoni intsingiselo yokutshiza kunye nokufunga?
Impendulo: Primay Polymerizazation -Ukuhambelana kweewonge ezongeziweyo; Ukuthuka-ukucaciswa kwezongezo ezingamanzi.
Ukungqinelana phakathi kwezinto zokongeza kunye ne-polymers zibhekisa kubuchule bee-onsortivers kunye neepolymers ukuba zidityaniswe ngokulinganayo ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuvelisa ukwahlulwa kwenqanaba kunye nokuvelisa;
3.Yintoni umsebenzi weplastiki?
Impendulo: Ukwenza buthathaka iibhondi zesibini phakathi kweemolekyuli zePolymer, ezaziwa ngokuba yiVer der imikhosi, yonyusa ukushukumisa amakhonkco e-polymer kwaye inciphise i-crystallies yabo.
4.Hboshelo i-polystyrene ine-oxido oxcoding kunePolypropylene?
Impendulo: Indawo engazinziswanga itshintshwe liqela elikhulu le-phenyl, kwaye isizathu sokuba i-ps ayihambelani ekwenzeni ukuba umsesane we-Bezene unefuthe elikhuselayo kwi-H; I-PP ifumene i-hydrogen ephezulu kwaye inyanzelekile ekwenzeni.
5.Zithini izizathu ze-pvc engathandabuzekiyo?
Impendulo: Iqela lokuphela kwebhondi eliphindwe kabini linciphisa uzinzo lweshushu; ② Impembelelo yeoksijini ikhawulezisa ukususwa kwe-HCL ngexesha lokupheliswa kwe-PVC; ③ I-HCL eveliswe yindlela yokuphendula inesiphumo esibonisa ukonakaliswa kwe-PVC; ④ Impembelelo ye-dosage yeplastiki.
6. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zophando zangoku, zeziphi izinto eziphambili ze-supililies azinziyo?
Impendulo: Ukutshintsha i-atom engazinzanga i-apride ye-allyl ye-allyl kwimolekyuli ze-PVC ukuba ithintele ukukhutshwa kwe-HCL; ③ Ukusabela koMbutho ngezakhiwo zePolyene kuphazamisa ukwenziwa kweenkqubo ezinkulu ezihlanganisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa imibala; ④ bamba i-radicals yasimahla kunye nokukhusela ukuphendula kwe-oxidation; Ukungathathi cala okanye ukudluliselwa kwee-ion zentsimbi okanye ezinye izinto eziyingozi ekukhokeleni okukhuselekileyo; ⑥ Inomsebenzi okhuselayo, okhuselayo, kunye nokwenza buthathaka imitha ye-ultraviolet.
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Impendulo: Amaza e-ultraviolet ade kwaye enamandla, aqhekeze uninzi lweekhemikhali.
8. Loluphi uhlobo lwenkqubo ye-Inneggistion elenza ukuba ilangatye elihlala liyilanga liyilanga, kwaye yintoni imigaqo esisiseko kunye nomsebenzi?
Impendulo: I-Intmescedcent yelangatye ye-phosphor ye-phosphor ye-phosphoges ye-phosphogestistic system.
Umatshini: Xa i-polymer enesifo sokuhlawula ifudume ishushu, umaleko ofanayo we-carbon carbon unokusekwa kumphezulu wayo. Umaleko uneflakisi elungileyo ngenxa yokufakelwa kobushushu, i-oxhlagegen yedwa, ukucinezelwa kunye nokuThintelwa kunye nokuthintela ukuqhuba.
9. Yintoni isalathiso seoksijini, kwaye yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwesalathiso seoksigen kunye neflakisi?
Impendulo: OI = OI = O2 / (O2 N2) x 100%, apho i-O2 yeyokuhamba kweoksijini; I-N2: I-Nitrogen Ristrage. Isalathiso seoksigen ibhekisela kwipesenti encinci ye-oxygen efunekayo kwi-witrogen yeoksijini xa kukho isampulu ethile inokutshisa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngokuzinzileyo njengekhandlela. I-OI <21 iyavutha, i-oi inokutsha, i-OI i-22-25 ngokucima iipropathi, 26-27 kunzima ukuhambisa isithintelo, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-28 kunzima kakhulu ukuhambisa.
10. Uyenza njani le meko ye-Antimoby Hider Syssor Systems Expressions?
Impendulo: I-SB2O3 idla ngokusetyenziswa ngenxa ye-antimony, ngelixa ii-dolides ze-organic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ii-halides. I-SB2O3 / umatshini usetyenziswa kunye neendlela zokuhamba ikakhulu ngenxa yokusebenzisana ne-hydrogen halide ekhutshwe zii-halides.
Kwaye imveliso iyonyuselwe i-SBCL3, eyirhasi eguqukayo enendawo yokubila ephantsi. Le gesi inesihlobo esilinganayo kwaye sinokuhlala kwindawo yokudibana ixesha elide ukuze siphumeze iigesi, kwaye sihlukanise nomoya, kwaye sidlale indima yokuvimba i-olefins; Okwesibini, inokufaka i-radicals yasimahla yokutshintsha ukucinezela amalangatye. Ukongeza, i-SBCL3 i-Sbcl3 inxibe i-roplet njengamasuntswana aqinileyo ngaphezulu kwedangatye, kwaye impembelelo yodonga isasaza ubungakanani obushushu, ukucothisa okanye ukumisa isantya sokudibana. Ngokubanzi, umyinge we-3: 1 ilungele ngakumbi i-chlorine ukuya kwiiathom zentsimbi.
11. Ngokutsho kophando lwangoku, zithini iindlela zesenzo sokuhlawula ilangatye?
Impendulo:
② I-Remearysers iphinde yenzekile i-thermal ye-thermal yokuvelisa igesi engapheliyo, ngaloo ndlela ihlutha igesi enokutsha kwaye ityhila i-oxygen kwindawo yokudibana; ③ Ukuchitheka kunye nokubola kwe-remearlers yelangatye kuyifumana ubushushu kwaye isebenzise ubushushu;
④ Resoardants ikhuthaze ukusekwa kwesakhiwo se-thermal ebukhali ebusweni beplastiki, ukuthintela ukuqubuda kobushushu kunye nokudibana okungaphezulu.
I-12.kukisiweyo i-plates prones kumbane oqinileyo ngexesha lokuqhubekeka okanye ukusebenzisa?
Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuba inyani yokuba iimolekyuli ze-polymer eziphambili zithathwe kakhulu ziibhond ezinamachaphaza, azikwazi ukudlulisela i-elektroni. Ngexesha lokuqhubekisa nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso zayo, xa kuziwa ekunxibelelaneni nasekuxineneni nezinye izinto, kuya kuhlawuliswa ngenxa yokufumana okanye ukulahleka kwe-elektroni, kwaye kunzima ukunyameka.
13. Zithini iimpawu zesimo semolekyuli kwiiarhente ze-antistatiki?
Impendulo: I-RYX R: Iqela le-Oleophilic, Y: Iqela eliLiker, X: Iqela le-hydrophilic. Kwiimolekyuli zabo, kufanele kubekho ulungelelwano olufanelekileyo phakathi kweqela elingelilo le-oleaphilic kunye neqela le-hnalafilic hydrophilic, kwaye kufanele ukuba babe nokuhambelana kwezixhobo zepolymer. Amaqela e-alkyl ngaphezulu kwe-C12 ngamaqela aqhelekileyo e-Oleophilic, ngelixa i-hydroxyl, i-carboxyl, i-sulfonic acid, kunye neebhondi ze-er
14. Chaza ngokufutshane indlela yesenzo sentshukumo ye-anti-static.
Impendulo: Okokuqala, iiarhente ze-anti-static zenza ifilimu eqhubekayo kwifilimu yezinto ezibonakalayo kunye ne-ionsus, ngaloo ndlela ihlawuliswayo inyameko yokungavumi, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokulwa ngokukhawuleza; Okwesibini kukugcina indawo yemibambo kunye nenqanaba elithile lezinto ezinqabileyo, nciphisa ulungelelwaniso olunengxaki, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ucinezela kwaye unciphise isizukulwane sentlawulo.
① Iiarhente zangaphandle ze-anti-static zihlala zisetyenziswa njengamatshini wokuzithoba okanye ukusasazeka ngamanzi, utywala, okanye ezinye izinyibisi eziphilayo. Xa usebenzisa iiarhente ze-anti-stastic kwi-orlymer ye-polymer, i-hyddrophilic yearhente ye-anti-ficker ngokuqinileyo kumxholo, kwaye i-hyddrophilic ifumana amanzi emveni, edlala indima ekupheliseni umbane we-Static;
② Iarhente yangaphakathi ye-anti-stateric ixutywe kwi-polymer matrix ye-polymer ngexesha lokusebenza kweplastiki, emva koko ifudukele kumphezulu we-polymer ukuba idlale indima ye-anti-statical;
③ I-Polymer edityaniswe ngokusisigxina iarhente ye-anti-static yindlela yokuphaphala i-hydrophilic polymers ehambelana ne-polymer yokwenza amajelo ahambele kwaye akhulule iindleko.
15. Luluphi utshintsho olwenzekayo oluqhelekileyo kwisakhiwo kunye neepropathi zerabha emva kokungaqhelekanga?
Impendulo: ① Irabha yeVulcani itshintshiwe ukusuka kwi-intanethi kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi ezintathu zenethiwekhi; Ukufudumeza akusafiki; ③ Akusekho kunyibilikisiwe kwisinyinyithi ngasinye esifanelekileyo; ④ Ukuphuculwa kovavanyo kunye nobunzima; ⑤ Ukuphuculwa kweepropathi zoomatshini; ⑥ Ukuphuculwa kokunganyangeki kokwaluphala kunye nokuzinza kwemichiza; Intsebenzo ye-Medium inokwehla.
16. Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-sulfur sulfide kunye ne-sulfur disnor sulfide?
Impendulo: ② I-Sulfur Abanikeli: Iibhondi ezininzi zesalfure, ukumelana nobushushu obufanelekileyo kunye nokuxhathisa gadalala.
17. Yenza ntoni umphakamise wevumba?
Impendulo: Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwemveliso yeemveliso zerabha, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula intsebenzo. Izinto ezinokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa. Ingafihla ixesha lokungazinzanga, linciphise ubushushu bevumba lokulinganisa, ukunciphisa inani le-arhente yokufaka, kunye nokuphucula iipropathi zomzimba kunye noomatshini berabha.
18. Tshisa i-phenomenon: kubhekisa kwi-phenomenon yokungaqhelekanga kwezinto zerabha ngexesha lokuqhubekisa.
19. Chaza ngokufutshane umsebenzi kunye neendidi eziphambili zearhente zobuqhetseba
Impendulo: Umsebenzi we-Arganetor kukhulisa umsebenzi wesantya, nciphisa umthamo wesantya, kwaye ulinciphise ixesha lokuziqhelanisa.
Iarhente esebenzayo: Into enokwandisa umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo, zibavumela ukuba basebenzise ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwabo, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa imali esebenzayo okanye ukunciphisa ixesha lokuziqhelanisa. Iiarhente ezisebenzayo zahlulwe zangamacandelo amabini: Iiarhente ezisebenzayo ze-inrganic kunye neearhente ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo. I-Inorganic SunFuntercapes ikakhulu ibandakanya ii-oxide zentsimbi, i-hydroxides, kunye neqela le-carcboonates; I-organic surfudicants ikakhulu ibandakanya i-acid acid, amahin, i-SOAPS, iPolyols, kunye ne-Amino ityhilokazi. Ukongeza isixa esincinci se-arctivictor kwicandelo lerabha kunokuphucula isidanga sayo sobultu.
1) Iiarhente ezisebenzayo ze-Inorganic: ikakhulu ii-oxide zentsimbi;
I-2) Iarhente ezisebenzayo ze-organic: ikakhulu i-acid acid.
Ingqwalaselo: ① Zno inokusetyenziswa njenge-orhente ye-oxcanide ye-oxulide ye-oxullink ukuwela irabha ye-hardlight; I-Zno inokuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kwirabha yendalo.
20.Yintoni iziphumo zeposi zabakhalikhali kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ze-acleators ezinemiphumo emihle?
Impendulo: Apha ngezantsi kubushushu bevumba lokulinganisa, aluyi kubangela i-nkcaso-hulcunization yokuqala. Xa iqondo lobushushu le-valcani lifikeleleke, umsebenzi wobukumkani uphakamileyo, kwaye le ndawo ibizwa ngokuba sisiphumo seposi yesantya. I-Sulfonamides ineziphumo ezilungileyo.
21. Inkcazo ye-Lubiricants kunye nolwahluko phakathi kwe-hibricants zangaphakathi neyangaphandle?
Impendulo: I-Lubricant-Isongezo esinokuphucula ukungqubana nokubiwa phakathi kwamasuntswana ngeplastiki kwaye siphumle ulwelo lwe-resin kunye ne-FORINT YOKUGQIBELA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA, NOKUVULA Imveliso eqhubekayo, ibizwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala.
I-Libricants yangaphandle inokunyusa i-phubrity yendawo yeplastiki ngexesha lokuqhutywa kweplastiki, inciphise indawo yokubulala iplastiki kunye nezensi yentsimbi, inciphise i-Sheartical Shears, emva koko ifezekise i-Plasties yePlastiki. I-Lityricants yangaphakathi inokunciphisa ukuxabana kwangaphakathi kwee-polymers, yonyusa umgangatho wokunyibilika kwaye inyibilike kwiPlastikis, inciphise i-vissity vissity, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweplastiki.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-shobori yangaphandle nengaphandle: I-lebristants yangaphakathi ifuna ukuba ne-polymers, ukunciphisa ukungqubana phakathi kwemixokelelwane yemolekyuli, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwendlela; Kwaye ioyile yangaphandle ifuna inqanaba elithile lokuhambelana ne-polymers ukunciphisa ukuxabana phakathi kwe-polymers kunye nendawo yomatshini.
22. Zithini izinto ezimisela ubungakanani bempembelelo yokufumana i-fillers?
Impendulo: Ubungakanani bempembelelo yokuqiniswa buxhomekeke kulwakhiwo oluphambili lweplastiki, inani lamasuntswana aphantsi, indawo ethile yomhlaba kunye nobukhulu, ubume benqanaba, kunye nokusasazwa kwamasuntswana kwi-polymers. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukunxibelelana phakathi kwe-filler kunye ne-stioner yenziwa ngamakhonkco ePolymer Polymer, equka amakhonkco emzimbeni okanye kwimichiza ephethwe ngamakhonkco e-polymer, kunye nokuqhelaniswa nemixokelelwane yePolymer kwi-polymer the thermere the the the themer.
23. Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela amandla okuqiniswa kweplasitiki?
Impendulo: Amandla eepolimes esisiseko anokufezekiswa kukhetho kunye nokuguqulwa kweepolimers; ③ Umphezulu ophezulu phakathi kweeplastiki kunye ne-polymers esisiseko; Izinto zentlangano zokuqinisa izixhobo zokuqinisa.
24. Yintoni iarhente yokudibana, iimpawu zayo zemolekyuli, kunye nomzekelo ukubonisa indlela yesenzo sesenzo.
Impendulo: Iiarhente zokudibanisa zibhekisa kuhlobo lwezinto ezinokuphucula iipropathi zonxibelelwano phakathi kweefilitha kunye nezixhobo zepolymer.
Zimbini iintlobo zamaqela asebenzayo kwisakhiwo sayo semolekyuli: Umntu unokuze aphendule kwi-Polymer Matrix okanye ubuncinci abe nokuhambelana okuhle; Olunye uhlobo lunokwenza bucala lwekhemikhali ngeefilimu ze-inrganic. Umzekelo, iarhente yokudibanisa iSilane, ifomula ngokubanzi ingabhalwa njenge-RIST3, apho i-R yiqela elisebenzayo elinobunyani, njenge-vinyl chlopropropropropropropropropropropropropropropropy, e-Eposy, i-methacryl, namaqela emihlambi. X Iqela le-Alkoky elinokuthi libe li-hydrolyzed, ezinjengeepesenti, et-etsexy, njl.
25. Yintoni iarhente yangaphantsi?
Impendulo: Iarhente ye-Willy luhlobo lwezinto ezinokwenza ubume obunzima beerabha okanye iplastiki kwi-floble okanye iplastiki yecaptali ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluthile lwe-viscofity.
Iarhente yokwakhiwa komzimba: uhlobo lwendawo ehlanganisiweyo efezekisa iinjongo ezithe visileyo ngokuxhomekeka kwiinguqu kwimo yayo yomzimba ngexesha lenkqubo yenkqubo yokwala;
Iarhente yokufiqa kwamachiza: kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, iya kuhlutha igesi emzimbeni
26. Zithini iimpawu ze-inorganic chemistry kunye ne-shomistry ye-orgastic kwi-Deving yeAgement yeAgements?
Impendulo: Iinzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kweearhente ezingcolisekileyo ze-organing: ① Ukusasazeka okuhle kwi-polymers; Uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu awodwayo lunqabile kwaye kulula ukulawula; ③ Igesi ye-N2 evelisiweyo ayitshisi, iqhume ngokulula, inomgangatho ophantsi, kwaye akukho lula ukubaleka kwi-foam, ekhokelela kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo; ④ amasuntswana amancinci akhokelela kwiipores ezincinci; Zininzi iintlobo, Emva kokuba simahla, kukho intsalela eninzi, ngamanye amaxesha ephezulu ingama-70% -85%. Ezi zinto zigqithisa ngamanye amaxesha zibangela ivumba, lingcolise izinto zePolymer, okanye ukuvelisa into engaphantsi kweqabaka; Ngexesha lokungalungisi, ngokubanzi yindlela yokuphendula. Ukuba ubushushu bokubekwa kwearhente yearhente esetyenzisiweyo buphakame kakhulu, kunokubangela iqondo elingaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Arlymer engaphakathi kunye ne-Chemic Stoser kwi-Polymer Agements, kwaye kufuneka uhlawulwe ukhuseleko lomlilo ngexesha lokugcina kunye nokusetyenziswa.
27. Yintoni ibala lemibala?
Impendulo: Yinto ehlanganisiweyo eyenziwe ngokulayisha iyunifografi eqhubekayo okanye i-dys kwi-resin; Izinto ezisisiseko: I-pigments okanye i-DYER, abathwali, abasasazi, ezongeziweyo; Umsebenzi: ② Ukuphucula ukugculelwa kwee-pigments kwi plastics; Khusela impilo yabasebenzi; Inkqubo elula kunye nokuguqulwa kombala ngokulula; Imo engqongileyo icocekile kwaye ayizingcolisanga; Gcina ixesha kunye nezinto ezingafunekiyo.
28. Ibhekisela ntoni amandla okubambisa?
Impendulo: Kungamandla okwenzakalisa imibala kumxube wonke wonke ngombala wabo; Xa iiarhente zokufakwa imibala zisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zeplastiki, amandla ayo agubungela amandla abhekisa kumandla abo okuthintela ukukhanya ukungena kwimveliso.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: APR-11 ukuya ku-1124