Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLubrizol) yabhalisa uphawu lweTPU i-Estane okokuqala. Kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, bekukho amagama eempawu angaphezu kwama-20 kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye uphawu ngalunye luneemveliso ezininzi. Okwangoku, abavelisi bezinto ezikrwada zeTPU baquka ikakhulu iBASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iHuntsman Corporation, iWanhua Chemical Group, iShanghai Heng'an, iRuihua, iXuchuan Chemical, njl.
1, Udidi lwe-TPU
Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo elithambileyo, linokwahlulwahlulwa lube luhlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kunye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, eziqulathe iqela le-ester, iqela le-ether, okanye iqela le-butene ngokulandelelana.
Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo eliqinileyo, linokwahlulwahlulwa lube loluhlobo lwe-urethane kunye nohlobo lwe-urethane urea, ezifumaneka ngokwahlukeneyo kwi-ethylene glycol chain extenders okanye kwi-diamine chain extenders. Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo lwahlulwe lube lohlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.
Ngokwendlela ekukho okanye engekho ngayo i-cross-linking, ingahlulwa ibe yi-thermoplastic ecocekileyo kunye ne-semi-thermoplastic.
Eyokuqala inesakhiwo esicocekileyo esithe nkqo kwaye ayinazo iibhondi ezidibanisayo; Eyokugqibela inenani elincinci leebhondi ezidibanisayo ezifana ne-Allophanic acid ester.
Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswe ngayo iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, zingahlulwa zibe ziinxalenye ezineprofayili (izinto ezahlukeneyo zoMshini), iipayipi (iisheath, iiprofayili zebha), iifilimu (amaphepha, iipleyiti ezincinci), izincamathelisi, iingubo, iifayibha, njl.njl.
2, Ukwenziwa kweTPU
I-TPU imele i-polyurethane ngokwesakhiwo se-molecular. Ngoko ke, yahlangana njani?
Ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa, yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwi-bulk polymerization kunye ne-solution polymerization.
Kwi-bulk polymerization, inokwahlulwa ibe yindlela ye-pre polymerization kunye nendlela ye-one-step ngokusekelwe kubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-pre reaction:
Indlela ye-prepolymerization ibandakanya ukusabela kwi-diisocyanate kunye nee-macromolecular diols kangangexesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba kongezwe ulwandiso lweketanga ukuvelisa i-TPU;
Indlela yenyathelo elinye ibandakanya ukuxuba nokuphendula ngaxeshanye ii-macromolecular diols, ii-diisocyanates, kunye nee-chain extenders ukuze zenze i-TPU.
Ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization yesisombululo kubandakanya ukunyibilikisa i-diisocyanate kuqala kwi-solvent, emva koko kongezwe ii-macromolecular diols ukuze zenze i-reaction kangangexesha elithile, kwaye ekugqibeleni kongezwe ii-chain extenders ukuvelisa i-TPU.
Uhlobo lwe-TPU soft segment, ubunzima be-molecular, umxholo we-hard or soft segment, kunye ne-TPU aggregation state zinokuchaphazela uxinano lwe-TPU, ngoxinano olumalunga ne-1.10-1.25, kwaye akukho mahluko mkhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iirabha kunye neplastiki.
Kwangobo bunzima bufanayo, uxinano lwe-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyether luphantsi kunolo lwe-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyester.
3, Ukucutshungulwa kwe-TPU
Ii-TPU particles zifuna iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zenze imveliso yokugqibela, ikakhulu zisebenzisa iindlela zokunyibilikisa kunye nezisombululo zokucubungula i-TPU.
Ukunyibilikisa yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lweplastiki, efana nokuxuba, ukuqengqa, ukukhupha, ukugquma, kunye nokugquma;
Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo yinkqubo yokulungiselela isisombululo ngokunyibilikisa amasuntswana kwisinyibilikisi okanye ngokuwapholisha ngokuthe ngqo kwisinyibilikisi, uze emva koko ugqume, ujikeleze, njalo njalo.
Imveliso yokugqibela eyenziwe nge-TPU ayifuni mpendulo ye-vulcanization crosslinking, enokuthi ifinyeze umjikelo wemveliso kwaye iphinde isebenzise izinto ezilahliweyo.
4, Ukusebenza kweTPU
I-TPU ine-modulus ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, ubude obuphezulu kunye nokuthamba, ukumelana nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala.
Amandla aphezulu okuxinana, ukunwebeka okuphezulu, kunye nesantya esiphantsi sokuguquguquka okusisigxina kokucinezelwa kwexesha elide zonke ziingenelo ezibalulekileyo zeTPU.
I-XiaoU iza kuchaza ngakumbi iimpawu zoomatshini ze-TPU ukusuka kwizinto ezinje ngamandla okuxinana kunye nobude, ukuqina, ubulukhuni, njl.njl.
Amandla aphezulu okuxinana kunye nobude obuphezulu
I-TPU inamandla okutsalwa kunye nokwandiswa okugqwesileyo. Ukusuka kwidatha ekumfanekiso ongezantsi, sinokubona ukuba amandla okutsalwa kunye nokwandiswa kwe-TPU yohlobo lwe-polyether kubhetele kakhulu kuneeplastiki kunye nerabha ye-polyvinyl chloride.
Ukongeza, i-TPU inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini lokutya ngokongeza izinto ezincinci okanye ezingenazo kwaphela ngexesha lokucubungula, nto leyo ekunzima nakwezinye izinto ezifana ne-PVC kunye nerabha ukuyifezekisa.
Ukuqina komzimba kuyathandeka kakhulu kubushushu
Ukuqina kwe-TPU kubhekisa kwinqanaba apho ibuyela ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yayo yokuqala emva kokuba uxinzelelo lokuguquguquka luphelile, oluchazwa njengamandla okubuyisela, eliyi-ratio yomsebenzi wokubuyisela ukuguquguquka kumsebenzi ofunekayo ukuvelisa ukuguqulwa. Ngumsebenzi we-dynamic modulus kunye nokungqubana kwangaphakathi komzimba othambileyo kwaye inovelwano kakhulu kubushushu.
Ukubuyela umva kuyehla ngokuncipha kobushushu de kube kubushushu obuthile, kwaye ukuguquguquka kuyakhula ngokukhawuleza kwakhona. Olu bushushu bubushushu bekristale yecandelo elithambileyo, elimiselwa bulwakhiwo lwe-macromolecular diol. Uhlobo lwePolyether TPU luphantsi kunohlobo lwepolyester TPU. Kubushushu obungaphantsi kobushushu bekristale, i-elastomer iba nzima kakhulu kwaye ilahlekelwe kukuqina kwayo. Ke ngoko, ukuqina kufana nokubuyela umva kumphezulu wesinyithi esiqinileyo.
Uluhlu lobunzima yiShore A60-D80
Ukuqina luluphawu lokuba izinto ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuguquka, ukukrola, nokukrwela.
Ubunzima be-TPU buhlala bulinganiswa kusetyenziswa abavavanyi bobunzima be-Shore A kunye ne-Shore D, apho i-Shore A isetyenziselwa ii-TPU ezithambileyo kwaye i-Shore D isetyenziselwa ii-TPU eziqinileyo.
Ubunzima be-TPU bunokulungiswa ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wecandelo leetyathanga ezithambileyo neziqinileyo. Ke ngoko, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lobunzima, oluqala kwi-Shore A60-D80, oluquka ubunzima berabha kunye neplastiki, kwaye lunokuqina okuphezulu kulo lonke uluhlu lobunzima.
Njengoko ubulukhuni butshintsha, ezinye iipropati zeTPU zinokutshintsha. Umzekelo, ukonyusa ubulukhuni beTPU kuya kubangela utshintsho ekusebenzeni okufana nokwanda kwe-tensile modulus kunye namandla okukrazula, ukwanda kokuqina kunye noxinzelelo lokucinezela (umthamo womthwalo), ukwehla kobude, ukwanda koxinano kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obuguqukayo, kunye nokwanda kokumelana nokusingqongileyo.
5, Ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU
Njenge-elastomer ebalaseleyo, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zemveliso ezisezantsi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto eziyimfuneko zemihla ngemihla, izinto zemidlalo, izinto zokudlala, izinto zokuhombisa, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Izixhobo zezihlangu
I-TPU isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zezihlangu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Iimveliso zezihlangu ezine-TPU zikhululekile kakhulu ukuzinxiba kuneemveliso zezihlangu eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zezihlangu ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ngakumbi ezinye izihlangu zemidlalo kunye nezihlangu eziqhelekileyo.
umbhobho
Ngenxa yokuba ithambile, inamandla okutsalwa kakuhle, inamandla okutsha, kunye nokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, iipayipi zeTPU zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina njengeepayipi zegesi neoyile kwizixhobo zoomatshini ezifana neenqwelo moya, iitanki, iimoto, iibhayisekile kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.
intambo
I-TPU ibonelela ngokumelana nokukrazuka, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye neempawu zokugoba, kwaye ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi yeyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni kweentambo. Ngoko ke kwimarike yaseTshayina, iintambo eziphambili ezifana neentambo zokulawula kunye neentambo zombane zisebenzisa ii-TPU ukukhusela izixhobo zokugquma zoyilo lweentambo ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye usetyenziso lwazo luya lusanda.
Izixhobo zonyango
I-TPU yinto ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo nesemgangathweni ophezulu endaweni ye-PVC, engazukuqulatha i-Phthalate kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi kwiikhemikhali, kwaye iya kufudukela egazini okanye kwezinye izinto ezikwi-catheter yezonyango okanye kwibhegi yezonyango ukuze ibangele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ikwayi-TPU yodidi olukhethekileyo lwe-extrusion kunye ne-injection grade.
ifilimu
Ifilimu ye-TPU yifilimu encinci eyenziwe ngezinto ze-TPU granular ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokuqengqeleka, ukuphosa, ukuvuthela, kunye nokugquma. Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuthamba okuhle, kunye nokumelana nemozulu, iifilimu ze-TPU zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini, izixhobo zezihlangu, ukufakwa kweempahla, iimoto, iikhemikhali, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, ezonyango, kunye nezinye iinkalo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-05-2020