Ngo-1958, iGoodrich Chemical Company (ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiLubrizol) yabhalisa okokuqala uphawu lweTPU i-Estane.Kule minyaka ingama-40 idlulileyo, bekukho amagama ebhrendi angaphezu kwama-20 kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye ibhrendi nganye inothotho lweemveliso.Okwangoku, abavelisi bezinto ezibonakalayo ze-TPU ikakhulu babandakanya iBASF, iCovestro, iLubrizol, iHuntsman Corporation, iWanhua Chemical Group, iShanghai Heng'an, iRuihua, iXuchuan Chemical, njl.
1, Udidi lweTPU
Ngokutsho kwesakhiwo secandelo elithambileyo, linokwahlulwa libe luhlobo lwe-polyester, uhlobo lwe-polyether, kunye nohlobo lwe-butadiene, ngokulandelanayo luqukethe iqela le-ester, iqela le-ether, okanye iqela le-butene.
Ngokwesakhiwo secandelo elinzima, linokwahlulwa libe luhlobo lwe-urethane kunye nodidi lwe-urethane urea, ezifunyenwe ngokulandelelana kwi-ethylene glycol chain extenders okanye i-diamine chain extenders.Ukwahlula okuqhelekileyo kwahlulwe kuhlobo lwe-polyester kunye nohlobo lwe-polyether.
Ngokubhekiselele kubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-cross-linking, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-thermoplastic ecocekileyo kunye ne-semi thermoplastic.
Eyangaphambili inesakhiwo esicocekileyo somgca kwaye akukho bhondi edibanisayo;Le yokugqibela iqulethe ixabiso elincinci leebhondi ezinqamlezileyo ezifana ne-Allophanic acid ester.
Ngokutsho kokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezigqityiweyo, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo eprofayili (izinto ezahlukeneyo zoMatshini), imibhobho (i-sheaths, iprofayili yebha), iifilimu (amaphepha, iipleyiti ezincinci), izinto zokuncamathelisa, iingubo, iifayili, njl.
2, Ukwenziwa kweTPU
I-TPU yeye-polyurethane ngokwe-molecular structure.Ngoko, yadityaniswa njani?
Ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokudityaniswa, yahlulwe ikakhulu kwipolymerization yobuninzi kunye nesisombululo sepolymerization.
Kwipolymerization yesixa, inokwahlulwa ibe yindlela yepolymerization yangaphambili kunye nenyathelo elinye ngokusekwe kubukho okanye ukungabikho kokusabela kwangaphambili:
Indlela ye-prepolymerization ibandakanya ukusabela kwe-disocyanate kunye ne-macromolecular diols kwixesha elithile ngaphambi kokongeza ukwandiswa kwekhonkco ukuvelisa i-TPU;
Indlela yenyathelo elinye ibandakanya ukuxuba kunye nokusabela kwangaxeshanye i-macromolecular diols, diisocyanates, kunye ne-chain extenders ukwenza i-TPU.
I-polymerization yesisombululo ibandakanya kuqala ukunyibilikisa i-disocyanate kwi-solvent, emva koko yongeza ii-diols ze-macromolecular ukuphendula ixesha elithile, kwaye ekugqibeleni ungeze izandiso zekhonkco ukuvelisa i-TPU.
Uhlobo lwecandelo elithambileyo le-TPU, ubunzima bemolekyuli, umxholo onzima okanye othambileyo wecandelo, kunye ne-TPU yokudibanisa imeko inokuchaphazela ukuxinana kwe-TPU, kunye noxinzelelo malunga ne-1.10-1.25, kwaye akukho mahluko ubalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iirubha kunye neeplastiki.
Kwangobu bunzima obufanayo, ukuxinana kohlobo lwe-polyether ye-TPU lungaphantsi kunohlobo lwe-polyester ye-TPU.
3, Ukusetyenzwa kweTPU
Amasuntswana e-TPU afuna iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza imveliso yokugqibela, ikakhulu esebenzisa iindlela zokunyibilika kunye nesisombululo sokulungiswa kweTPU.
Ukunyibilikisa inkqubo yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini leplastiki, ezifana nokuxuba, ukuqengqeleka, extrusion, ukuvuthela ukubumba, kunye nokubumba;
Ukucutshungulwa kwesisombululo yinkqubo yokulungiselela isisombululo ngokuyinyibilikisa amaqhekeza kwi-solvent okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-polymerizing kwi-solvent, kwaye emva koko, ukugquma, ukujikeleza, njalo njalo.
Imveliso yokugqibela eyenziwe kwi-TPU ngokubanzi ayifuni i-vulcanization crosslinking reaction, enokunciphisa umjikelo wemveliso kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma.
4. Ukusebenza kweTPU
I-TPU inemodyuli ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, ubude obuphezulu kunye nokunwebeka, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo, ukumelana ne-oyile, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokungagugi.
Amandla aphezulu okuqina, ubude obuphezulu, kunye nesantya esisezantsi soxinzelelo lwexesha elide zonke zizibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zeTPU.
I-XiaoU iza kucacisa ubukhulu becala kwiipropathi zoomatshini ze-TPU ukusuka kwimiba efana namandla okuqina kunye nobude, ukomelela, ubulukhuni, njl.
Amandla aphezulu kunye nobude obuphezulu
I-TPU inamandla abalaseleyo okuqina kunye nobude.Ukusuka kwidatha ekumzobo ongezantsi, sinokubona ukuba amandla okuqina kunye nokwandiswa kohlobo lwe-polyether yeTPU zingcono kakhulu kunezo zeplastiki ye-polyvinyl chloride kunye nerabha.
Ukongeza, i-TPU inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zeshishini lokutya kunye nezinto ezincinci okanye ezingenazo izongezelelo ezongeziweyo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa, ekunzima ukuba ezinye izinto ezifana nePVC kunye nerubha zifezekiswe.
Ukomelela kubuthathaka kakhulu kubushushu
Ukomelela kwe-TPU kubhekiselele kwinqanaba apho libuyela khona ngokukhawuleza kwimeko yalo yangaphambili emva kokuba uxinzelelo lwe-deformation lukhululiwe, lubonakaliswe njengamandla okubuyisela, okuwumlinganiselo womsebenzi wokubuyisela ukuguqulwa komsebenzi ofunekayo ukuvelisa i-deformation.Ingumsebenzi wemodyuli eguquguqukayo kunye nokukhuhlana kwangaphakathi kwe-elastic body kwaye inomdla kakhulu kubushushu.
I-rebound iyancipha ngokuhla kweqondo lokushisa kude kube yiqondo lokushisa elithile, kwaye i-elasticity ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwakhona.Eli qondo lokushisa liyi-crystallization yokushisa kwecandelo elithambileyo, elichongwa yisakhiwo se-macromolecular diol.I-polyether yohlobo lwe-TPU ingaphantsi kunohlobo lwe-polyester ye-TPU.Kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kobushushu bekristallisation, i-elastomer iba nzima kakhulu kwaye ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo.Ngoko ke, ukomelela kufana nokuphindaphinda ukusuka kumphezulu wentsimbi enzima.
Uluhlu lobunzima yiShore A60-D80
Ukuqina luphawu lokukwazi kwemathiriyeli ukuxhathisa inguquko, ukufumana amanqaku, kunye nokukrwela.
Ubulukhuni beTPU budla ngokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa abavavanyi bobulukhuni baseShore A kunye noShore D, kunye noShore A osetyenziselwa iiTPU ezithambileyo kunye noShore D osetyenziselwa iiTPU ezinzima.
Ubunzima be-TPU bunokulungiswa ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wamacandelo athambileyo kunye anzima.Ke ngoko, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lobunzima, ukusukela kwi-Shore A60-D80, edlula ukuqina kwerabha kunye neplastiki, kwaye inokuqina okuphezulu kulo lonke uluhlu lobunzima.
Njengoko ubulukhuni butshintsha, ezinye iipropathi zeTPU zinokutshintsha.Ngokomzekelo, ukwandisa ubulukhuni be-TPU kuya kubangela utshintsho lwentsebenzo olufana nokunyuka kwe-tensile modulus kunye namandla okukrazula, ukunyuka kokuqina kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo (umthamo womthwalo), ukunciphisa ubude, ukunyuka koxinzelelo kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu obuguqukayo, kunye nokwanda kokuchasana kokusingqongileyo.
5, Ukusetyenziswa kweTPU
Njenge-elastomer egqwesileyo, i-TPU inoluhlu olubanzi lwezalathiso zemveliso esezantsi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla, iimpahla zemidlalo, iithoyi, izixhobo zokuhombisa, kunye namanye amabala.
Izixhobo zesihlangu
I-TPU isetyenziselwa ikakhulu izixhobo zezihlangu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.Iimveliso zezihlangu eziqulethe i-TPU zikhululekile ngakumbi ukunxiba kuneemveliso zezihlangu eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zezihlangu eziphezulu, ngakumbi ezinye izihlangu zemidlalo kunye nezihlangu eziqhelekileyo.
ithumbu
Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, ukomelela okuqinileyo, ukomelela kwempembelelo, kunye nokuxhathisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu naphantsi, imibhobho yeTPU isetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina njengemibhobho yerhasi neyeoyile yezixhobo zoomatshini ezifana nenqwelomoya, iitanki, iimoto, izithuthuthu, kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini.
intambo
I-TPU ibonelela ngokumelana nokukrazula, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye neempawu zokugoba, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuphantsi ngundoqo ekusebenzeni kwentambo.Ke kwimarike yaseTshayina, iintambo eziphambili ezinje ngeentambo zolawulo kunye neentambo zombane zisebenzisa ii-TPU ukukhusela izinto zokugquma zoyilo lwentambo ezintsonkothileyo, kwaye izicelo zabo ziya zisanda.
Izixhobo zonyango
I-TPU yinto ekhuselekileyo, ezinzileyo kunye nephezulu ye-PVC, engayi kuba ne-Phthalate kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi beekhemikhali, kwaye iya kufudukela egazini okanye kwezinye izinto ezimanzi kwi-catheter yonyango okanye isikhwama sonyango ukuze kubangele iziphumo ezibi.Ikwalibakala eliphuhliswe ngokukodwa le-extrusion kunye nebakala lenaliti ye-TPU.
ifilimu
Ifilimu ye-TPU yifilimu ebhityileyo eyenziwe ngezinto ze-TPU zegranular ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngokuqengqeleka, ukuphosa, ukuvuthela, kunye nokugquma.Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, ukuqina okuhle, kunye nokumelana nemozulu, iifilimu zeTPU zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini, izixhobo zezihlangu, ukufakwa kwempahla, iimoto, iikhemikhali, i-elektroniki, ezonyango, nakwamanye amacandelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-05-2020